1km and 5km gridded Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) data for Great Britain, which is a drought index based on the probability of precipitation for a given accumulation period as defined by McKee et al. (1993). SPI is calculated for different accumulation periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Each of these is in turn calculated for each of the twelve calendar months. Note that values in monthly (and for longer accumulation periods also annual) time series of the data therefore are likely to be autocorrelated. The standard period which was used to fit the gamma distribution is 1961-2010. The dataset covers the period from 1961 to 2012. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/94c9eaa3-a178-4de4-8905-dbfab03b69a0

Gridded potential evapotranspiration over Great Britain for the years 1961-2017 at 1 km resolution. This dataset contains two potential evapotranspiration variables: daily total potential evapotranspiration (PET; kg m-2) for a well-watered grass and daily total potential evapotranspiration with interception correction (PETI; kg m-2). The data are provided in gridded netCDF files. There is one file for each variable for each month of the data set. This data set supersedes the previous version as bugs in the calculation of the variables have been fixed (for all years), temporal coverage of both variables has been extended to include the years 2016-2017 and the netCDF metadata has been updated and improved. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9116e565-2c0a-455b-9c68-558fdd9179ad

This dataset includes six sets of model output from JULES/IMOGEN simulations. Each set includes output from JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) run with 34 climate change patterns from 2000-2099. The outputs provide carbon stocks and variables related to the surface energy budget to understand the implications of land-based climate mitigation. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/333eb066-be07-4209-9dfe-2d9d18560de6

[This dataset is embargoed until November 17, 2025]. This dataset provides daily estimates at locations that are part of the COSMOS-UK monitoring network for meteorological and potential evapotranspiration variables in the Climate hydrology and ecology research support system for the period 2013-2017 (CHESS-met and CHESS-PE). Additionally, for the same period, it provides estimates at COSMOS-UK sites locations for soil moisture simulations provided by JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) at four layers: top layer (0.0-0.1 m depth), second layer (0.1-0.35 m depth), third layer (0.35-1 m depth) and bottom layer (1-3 m depth). The following variables are available in the dataset: daily temperature range (K), specific humidity (kg kg-1), precipitation (kg m-2 s-1), air pressure (Pa), downward longwave radiation (W m-2), downward shortwave radiation (W m-2), wind speed (m s-1), potential evapotranspiration (mm day-1) and potential evapotranspiration with interception correction (mm day-1), soil moisture content of 1-top layer (m depth), soil moisture content of 2-second layer (m depth), soil moisture content of 3-third layer (m depth) and soil moisture content of 4-bottom layer (m depth). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2bc23a5a-3a47-44da-80f6-ced6ae4ac45f

[THIS DATASET HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN]. 1 km gridded estimates of daily and monthly rainfall for Great-Britain and Northern Ireland (together with approximately 3000 km2 of catchment in the Republic of Ireland) from 1890 to 2014. The rainfall estimates are derived from the Met Office national database of observed precipitation. To derive the estimates, monthly and daily (when complete month available) precipitation totals from the UK rain gauge network are used. The natural neighbour interpolation methodology, including a normalisation step based on average annual rainfall, was used to generate the daily and monthly estimates. The estimated rainfall on a given day refers to the rainfall amount precipitated in 24 hours between 9am on that day until 9am on the following day. The CEH-GEAR dataset has been developed according to the guidance provided in BS 7843-4:2012. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/f2856ee8-da6e-4b67-bedb-590520c77b3c

[THIS DATASET HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN]. 1km resolution gridded meteorological variables over Great Britain for the years 1961-2015. This dataset contains time series of daily mean values of air temperature (K), specific humidity (kg kg-1), wind speed (m s-1), downward longwave radiation (W m-2), downward shortwave radiation (W m-2), precipitation (kg m-2 s-2) and air pressure (Pa), plus daily temperature range (K). These are the variables required to run the JULES land surface model [1] with daily disaggregation. The precipitation data were obtained by scaling the Gridded estimates of daily and monthly areal rainfall (CEH-GEAR) daily rainfall estimates [2,3] to the units required for JULES input. Other variables were interpolated from coarser resolution datasets, taking into account topographic information. This release supersedes the previous version [4], doi:10.5285/10874370-bc58-4d23-a118-ea07df8a07f2, as it corrects errors in the air pressure and daily temperature range files for 2013-2015. [1] Best, M. J., Pryor, M., Clark, D. B., Rooney, G. G., Essery, R. L. H., Ménard, C. B., Edwards, J. M., Hendry, M. A., Porson, A., Gedney, N., Mercado, L. M., Sitch, S., Blyth, E., Boucher, O., Cox, P. M., Grimmond, C. S. B., and Harding, R. J.: The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description - Part 1: Energy and water fluxes, Geoscientific Model Development, 4, 677-699. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-677-2011, 2011. [2] Tanguy, M.; Dixon, H.; Prosdocimi, I.; Morris, D. G.; Keller, V. D. J. (2016). Gridded estimates of daily and monthly areal rainfall for the United Kingdom (1890-2015) [CEH-GEAR]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/33604ea0-c238-4488-813d-0ad9ab7c51ca [3] Keller,V. D. J., Tanguy, M. , Prosdocimi, I. , Terry, J. A. , Hitt, O., Cole, S. J. , Fry, M., Morris, D. G., Dixon, H. (2015) CEH-GEAR: 1km resolution daily and monthly areal rainfall estimates for the UK for hydrological use. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 8, 83-112. https://doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-83-2015. [4] Robinson, E.L., Blyth, E., Clark, D.B., Comyn-Platt, E., Finch, J. , Rudd, A.C. (2016). Climate hydrology and ecology research support system meteorology dataset for Great Britain (1961-2015) [CHESS-met]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/10874370-bc58-4d23-a118-ea07df8a07f2 Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b745e7b1-626c-4ccc-ac27-56582e77b900

This dataset presents nationally consistent simulations of available precipitation (rainfall + snowmelt) for Great Britain. These include simulations driven by observational data covering January 1961 – December 2018 and simulations driven by Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections covering December 1980 - November 2080. Both are provided as gridded data at 1km resolution. The observed input data was HadUK-Grid 1km daily precipitation and temperature. The RCM input data was a 12-member perturbed parameter ensemble from the UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18), provided at a ‘Regional’ 12km resolution aligned with the GB national grid. A simple snowmelt module was used to transform these time-series of precipitation and temperature into available precipitation. This data was developed for, and used within, the Enhanced Future Flows and Groundwater (eFLaG) project (Hannaford et al., 2022). The eFLaG project was established through a partnership project funded by the Met Office led component of the Strategic Priorities Fund Climate Resilience Programme under contract P107493 (CR19_4 UK Climate Resilience). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/755e0369-f8db-4550-aabe-3f9c9fbcb93d

This dataset comprises three gridded drought indicators based on remote sensing data for Europe. The data has a spatial resolution of 0.05 degree and a temporal resolution of 1 month for the period going from 2000 to 2015. The three drought indicators are: the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) based on satellite product NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index); - the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) based on remotely sensed LST (Land Surface Temperature) - the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) which is a combination of VCI and TCI, calculated using MODIS products Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4e0d0e50-2f9c-4647-864d-5c3b30bb5f4b

Precipitation chemistry data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. Variables measured include pH, conductivity, alkalinity, aluminium, calcium, chloride, ammonium, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorous, potassium, sulphate sulphur, sodium, total nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorous. These data are collected by a bulk collector at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. They represent continuous weekly records from 1992 to 2015. ECN is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. These organisations are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/18b7c387-037d-4949-98bc-e8db5ef4264c

Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data for Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) groups (Kral et al. [1]). SPEI is a drought index based on the probability of occurrence of the Climatic Water Balance (CWB) - which is equivalent to the amount of precipitation minus the amount of evapotranspiration - for a given accumulation period as defined by Vicente-Serrano et al. [2]. SPEI is calculated for different accumulation periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Each of these is in turn calculated for each of the twelve calendar months. Note that values in monthly (and for longer accumulation periods also annual) time series of the data therefore are likely to be autocorrelated. The standard period which was used to fit the general logistic distribution is 1961-2010. The dataset covers the period from 1961 to 2012. [1] Kral, F., Fry, M., Dixon, H. (2015). Integrated Hydrological Units of the United Kingdom: Groups. NERC-Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/f1cd5e33-2633-4304-bbc2-b8d34711d902 [2] Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., López-Moreno, J. I. (2010) A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. J. Climate, 23, 1696 to 1718. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1 Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9b550cc5-4cba-45fb-ab92-8408454fa1d4