This dataset contains global, monthly marine phytoplankton primary production products (in mg C m-2 d-1) for the period of 1998 to 2018 at 9 km spatial resolution. Data are provided in NetCDF format. Primary production by marine phytoplankton was modelled using ocean-colour remote sensing products and a spectrally-resolved primary production model that incorporates the vertical structure of phytoplankton and simulates changes in photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function (see Kulk et al. 2020, Sathyendranath et al. 2020a, and references therein for details). Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v4.2 dataet). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. In situ datasets of chlorophyll-a profile parameters and P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020). The primary production products were generated as part of the ESA Living Planet Fellowship programme ‘Primary production, Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Long-term Observations’ (PICCOLO). Support from the Simons Foundation grant ‘Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems’ (CBIOMES, number 549947), from the ESA Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) project and from the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) is acknowledged. Data are provided as netCDF files containing global, monthly marine phytoplankton primary production products (in mg C m-2 d-1) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. References: Kulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovac, Z.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826 Sathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Žarko K.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Nón, E.M.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Appl. Opt. 2020a, 59, C100-C114. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252.

The ESA Ocean Colour CCI project has produced global level 3 binned multi-sensor time-series of satellite ocean-colour data with a particular focus for use in climate studies. This dataset contains the Version 2.0 Remote Sensing Reflectance product on a geographic projection at approximately 4 km spatial resolution and at a number of time resolutions (daily, 5-day, 8-day and monthly composites). Values for remote sensing reflectance at the sea surface are provided for the standard SeaWiFS wavelengths (412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670nm) with pixel-by-pixel uncertainty estimates for each wavelength. These are merged products based on SeaWiFS, MERIS and Aqua-MODIS data. Note, this dataset is also contained within the 'All Products' dataset. This data product is on a geographic grid projection, which is a direct conversion of latitude and longitude coordinates to a rectangular grid, typically a fixed multiplier of 360x180. The netCDF files follow the CF convention for this projection with a resolution of 8640x4320. (A separate dataset is also available for data on a sinusoidal projection).

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Research Center for Environmental Changes (AS-RCEC) TaiESM1 model output for the "Control simulation providing baseline for evaluating effective radiative forcing (ERF)" (piClim-control) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Amon, CFmon, Emon and fx. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

WCRP CMIP5: National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) CFSv2-2011 model output for the 10-year hindcast/prediction initialized in year 2000 (decadal2000) experiment. These data cover the following realms: atmos, land, landIce, ocean and seaIce; at the following frequencies: fx and mon. The runs included the ensemble members: r0i0p0, r1i1p1, r2i1p1, r3i1p1 and r4i1p1. The WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5), was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

The "ISOMAP UK" project was a combined data-modelling investigation of water isotopes and their interpretation during rapid climate change events project was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00460 - Duration 1 May 2003 - 30 Apr 2008) led by Prof J.A. Holmes of the University College London, with co-investigators at the University of Southampton, University of Liverpool, University of Manchester, University of Bristol and the NERC British Antarctic Survey. This dataset contains comparison of high-resolution isotope records from terrestrial archives in NW Europe with model simulations of isotopes in precipitation. This is a control 9K simulation, and a freshwater hosing experiment. The freshwater hosing experiment had 5Sv of freshwater added to the North Atlantic for 1 year. The freshwater forcing was then removed and the model allowed to adjust. Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

The dataset comprises 23 hydrographic data profiles, collected by a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package, from across the North East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W) area specifically west of the Cruiser Tablemount, during October and November of 1980. A complete list of all data parameters are described by the SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary (PDV) keywords assigned in this metadata record. The data were collected by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Wormley Laboratory.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Institute for Numerical Mathematics (INM) INM-CM4-8 model output for the "update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5" (ssp585) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: AERmon, Amon, CFday, CFmon, Eday, EdayZ, Lmon, Omon, SImon, day and fx. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

The dataset comprises 56 hydrographic data profiles, collected by a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package, from across the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel and the North East Atlantic Ocean (limit 40W) area including specifically Porcupine Bight, during April and May of 1983. A complete list of all data parameters are described by the SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary (PDV) keywords assigned in this metadata record. The data were collected by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Wormley Laboratory.

This dataset comprises hydrographic data profiles, collected by a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package, during June - July 1982. It incorporates a profile in the 'Discovery Gap' between the Azores and Madeira basins and a series of profiles around a mooring on the Azores-Gibraltar Ridge. The data were collected by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Wormley Laboratory as part of a study to investigate the abyssal water exchange between the Madeira and Iberian basins.

This dataset comprises hydrographic data profiles, collected by a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package, during July - August 1982. It incorporates a series of profiles around a mooring on the Azores-Gibraltar Ridge and a survey of the 'Discovery Gap' between the Azores and Madeira basins, including yo-yo time series on six stations. The data were collected by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Wormley Laboratory.