This dataset is a model output from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) model applied to the UK (EMEP4UK) driven by Weather and Research Forecast model meteorology (WRF). It provides UK estimates monthly averaged atmospheric deposition of oxidised sulphur, oxidised nitrogen, and reduced nitrogen at 3x3 km2 grid for the years 2002 to 2021. The data consists of atmospheric deposition values of oxidised sulphur, oxidised nitrogen, and reduced nitrogen. The EMEP4UK model version used here is rv4.36, and the WRF model version is the 4.2.2. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/904af4a0-d66d-460d-82eb-c8965e161b3e

Gridded potential evapotranspiration calculated from HadUK-Grid gridded observed meteorological data at 1 km resolution over the United Kingdom for the years 1969-2021. This dataset contains two potential evapotranspiration variables: daily total potential evapotranspiration (PET; kg m-2 d-1) and daily total potential evapotranspiration with interception correction (PETI; kg m-2 d-1). The units kg m-2 d-1 are equivalent to mm d-1. The data are provided in gridded netCDF files. There is one file for each variable, for each calendar month. These data were generated as part of NERC grant NE/S017380/1 (Hydro-JULES: Next generation land surface and hydrological prediction.) Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9275ab7e-6e93-42bc-8e72-59c98d409deb

Co-Ordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) data for the East Asia Domain (EAS-44). The data is produced by the MetOffice Hadley Centre regional model HadRM3P running at 0.44 degree resolution over the Central Asia CORDEX domain (EAS-44). HadRM3P is a regional climate model based on the HadCM3 Coupled Climate Model. The HadRM3P model is driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis data to run the CORDEX Evaluation experiment, representative of the period from 1990 to 2011. The model outputs are stored on the native grid used for the simulation, which has a consistent spatial resolution across the simulation domain. Each variable is stored at the daily timescale. The collection also includes monthly and seasonal averages. In addition, the archive also includes sub-daily data. The CORDEX program is sponsored by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to organise an internationally coordinated framework to produce improved regional climate change projections for all land regions world-wide. The CORDEX-results will serve as input for climate change impact and adaptation studies.

This dataset includes the ECMWF-IFS4 model output prepared for SPECS SoilMoistureInit (1981-2013). These data were prepared by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF), as part of the SPECS project. Model id is IFS4 (atmosphere: IFS4(201505212,CY41R1,N128TL255L91); ocean:NEMO3.4.1(L34E5,ORCA1_Z42,1°L42); seaice:N/A; MACC:N/A; land:CHTESSEL,ERA-Interim forcing, active lakes, GPCP correction, carbon fixes (CY40R1, internal exp.id g2ze, climate.v009); wave:WAM(CY41R1,1°); ozone:Cariolle(v2.9); climversion:climate.v010), no external forcing. frequency is daily and monthly. Daily Atmospheric variables are: clt pr psl rlut rsds tas tasmax tasmin tdps uas vas Monthly atmos variables: al clt hfls hfss mrso pr psl rls rlut rsds rsdt rss rsut snld ta tas tasmax tasmin tdps uas vas zg

This dataset contains measurements of enrichment of 14C in carbon dioxide in air taken from the sampling tower at Mace Head Observatory. The samples were taken at 185m and analysed by Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) at Keck-Carbon Cycle AMS facility, University of California, Irvine. This data was collected as part of the NERC GAUGE (Greenhouse gAs UK and Global Emissions) project (NE/K002449/1NERC and TRN1028/06/2015). The GAUGE project aimed to produce robust estimates of the UK Greenhouse Gas budget, using new and existing measurement networks and modelling activities at a range of scales. It aimed to integrate inter-calibrated information from ground-based, airborne, ferry-borne, balloon-borne, and space-borne sensors, including new sensor technology.

Co-Ordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) data for the Africa Domain (AFR-44). The data is produced by the MetOffice Hadley Centre regional model HadRM3P running at 0.44 degree resolution over the Africa CORDEX domain (AFR44). HadRM3P is a regional climate model based on the HadCM3 Coupled Climate Model. The HadRM3P model is driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim re-analysis data to run the CORDEX Evaluation experiment, representative of the period from 1990 to 2011. The model outputs are interpolated to a common latitude-longitude grid. The collection includes monthly averages and seasonal means. The CORDEX program is sponsored by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to organise an internationally coordinated framework to produce improved regional climate change projections for all land regions world-wide. The CORDEX-results will serve as input for climate change impact and adaptation studies.

The National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Long Term Science Single Centre (LTSS) Global Ocean Lagrangian Trajectories (OLTraj) provides 30-day forward and backward Lagrangian trajectories based on AVISO (Satellite Altimetry Data project) surface velocities. Each trajectory represents the path that a water mass would move along starting at a given pixel and a given day. OLTraj can be thus used to implement analyses of oceanic data in a Lagrangian framework. The purpose of OLTraj is to allow non-specialists to conduct Lagrangian analyses of surface ocean data. The dataset has global coverage and spans 1998-2018 with a daily temporal resolution. The trajectories were generated starting from zonal and meridional model velocity fields that were integrated using the LAMTA (6-hour time step - part of ) as described in Nencioli et al., 2018 and SPASSO (Software package for and adaptive satellite-based sampling for ocean graphic cruises containing LAMTA) software user guide. Please see the documentation section below for further information.

Data for each figure presented in the paper 'The impact of stratospheric ozone feedbacks on climate sensitivity estimates', as appeared in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres in the year 2018. - The temporal resolution ('temporalResolution'): depends on the variable: annual means or multi-annual-means. - 'timeslice' climate model simulations using the HadGEM3-AO model from the UK Met Office, coupled to the interactive atmospheric chemistry scheme UKCA. References to model descriptions can be found in the publication. The simulations consist of a pre-industrial control run (A) and several abrupt4xCO2 simulations carried out with different treatments of atmospheric chemistry (B, D1, D2). - 'umid' is the ID of the simulation, to be read from the stitching table. - 'variable' names: 'temp': temperature, 'olr': Outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), 'csolr': same as olr but under clear sky conditions, 'field207': upward clear sky shortwave flux at the TOA, 'field201': Outgoing SW Flux at the TOA, 'tracer1': ozone mass mixing ratios, 'field1426': frozen cloud fraction in each grid cell, 'q': specific humidity, 'u': zonal wind component, 'ht': tropopause height in km following the WMO lapse rate definition.

This data file contains two sets of optimised global surface fluxes of ethane (C2H6), produced through variational inverse methods using the TOMCAT chemical transport model, and the INVICAT inverse transport model. Emissions were produced using an iterative method of optimisation, known as 4D-Var, which minimised the model-observation differences. These surface fluxes are produced as monthly mean values on the (approximately) 5.6 degree horizontal model grid. The associated uncertainty for the flux from each gridcell is also included. The fluxes and uncertainties are global, and cover the period Jan 2008 - Dec 2014. There are two alternative emissions sets, labelled EMIS_ALL and EMIS_ANTH, whilst the uncertainties are labelled ERROR_ALL and ERROR_ANTH, respectively. The two optimised emission estimates are produced through iterative minimisation of model-observation error in INVICAT. In all cases the observations are surface flask samples of ethane produced by by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division (NOAA GMD) and the University of Colorado’s Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Whole air samples in flasks are collected weekly to bi-weekly at each site and C2H6 is measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detection method. The EMIS_ALL fluxes are produced through variation of all surface emission types (anthropogenic, biomass burning, oceanic and biospheric), whilst the EMIS_ANTH fluxes are produced by only allowing the surface anthropogenic emissions to vary, with prior estimates of other emission types then added back on. Flux and uncertainty units are kg(C2H6)/m2/s, and time units are days since January 1st 2008. These emissions show improved performance relative to independent observations when included in the TOMCAT model. Further details about the data can be found in the PDF documentation stored along side this data, as well as in Monks et al., 2018.

Vegetation and meteorological observations (snow and radiation) were collected by various ground instruments in an area of forest near Abisko (Sweden) and Sodankylä (Finland) during measurement campaigns in March 2011 and March 2012. This dataset contains the radiation data collected at Abisko site in March 2011. Above-canopy radiation: An open area was selected at each study site (“plot O”) for measurements assumed to be representative of incoming radiation above the nearby forest canopy. A Delta-T Devices BF3 sunshine sensor and a Kipp & Zonen CGR3 pyrgeometer were connected to a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger recording 5-minute averages of measurements made every 5 seconds. The BF3 measures total and diffuse incoming shortwave radiation, and the CGR3 measures thermal longwave radiation. Below-canopy radiation: In the forest plots, two arrays of ten Kipp & Zonen CM3 shortwave pyranometers and four Kipp & Zonen CGR3 longwave pyrgeometers were connected to AM16/32B multiplexers and Campbell Scientific CR1000 data loggers recording 5-minute averages of measurements made every 5 seconds. One array was set up in a “continuity plot” C for the entire duration of each field campaign, while the other array was moved between four “roving plots” R1 to R4, providing at least 5 complete days of data at each plot. All radiometers were placed on small plywood platforms on the snow surface and were levelled and cleared of snow every morning. Radiometer positions were recorded using differential GPS at Abisko and averages of repeated handheld GPS measurements at Sodankylä. This was a NERC funded project.