This dataset includes the transcript of discussion group activities on Human Wildlife conflict, conducted with ten rural communities in Marrupa District, Niassa (Northern Mozambique). It also comprises the results of semi-structured interviews conducted individually in three of the ten selected communities. The ten villages were selected from a forest cover gradient running from villages with a higher forest cover to those within degraded forest areas and consequently low cover. The villages had similar infrastructure, soils, rainfall, and vegetation types. The dataset contains information on the occurrence of conflict with both vertebrate and invertebrate wild species, mitigation strategies, conflict seasonality and trends, but also its impact on agricultural production and livestock rearing. The discussion groups were conducted with six to ten people and the presence of the leader of each village, between May and July 2015. Data were collected as part of a project funded under the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7bd2e230-c219-4017-9914-b5cfd83a4eae

This dataset contains responses to a set of evaluation questions on flood resilience improvement within communities in the Katakwi District, Uganda. This data were created as part of the NIMFRU project (National-Scale Impact Based Forecasting of Flood Risk in Uganda) and consists of 21 semi-structured interviews. These have been completed by community members from the project target communities of Anyangabella, Agule and Kaikamosing which are all found in the Katakwi district. Five of the interviews were completed by local district officers. The data were collected in December 2020. These data were collected to understand how communities resilience had changed as a result of the NIMFRU project. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d5043ca4-5451-42f1-ae38-69e084bfad80

Results of a survey undertaken in 2018 involving a range of open and closed questions intended to elicit local residents’ values they attach to the importance of coastal attributes and their perceptions of various tidal and wave energy development characteristics. Three case study sites were selected: Weston-super-Mare, Minehead, and the Taw-Torridge Estuary, South-West UK. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e5190fd0-2995-42aa-aca0-80714abde768

This dataset contains the gridded estimates per 1 km2 for mean and median ensemble outputs from 4-6 individual ecosystem service models for Sub-Saharan Africa, for above ground Carbon stock, firewood use, charcoal use and grazing use. Water use and supply are identically supplied as polygons. Individual model outputs are taken from previously published research. Making ensembles results in a smoothing effect whereby the individual model uncertainties are cancelled out and a signal of interest is more likely to emerge. Included ecosystem service models were: InVEST, Co$ting Nature, WaterWorld, Monetary value benefits transfer, LPJ-GUESS and Scholes models. Ensemble outputs have been normalised, therefore these ensembles project relative levels of service across the full area and can be used, for example, for optimisation or assignment of most important or sensitive areas. The work was completed under the "EnsemblES - Using ensemble techniques to capture the accuracy and sensitivity of ecosystem service models" project (NE/T00391X/1) funded by the UKRI Landscape Decisions programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/11689000-f791-4fdb-8e12-08a7d87ad75f

This is a theoretical model of leadership in warfare by exploitative individuals who reap the benefits of conflict while avoiding the costs. In this model we extend the classic hawk-dove model to consider pairwise interactions between groups in which a randomly chosen leader decides whether the group will collectively adopt aggressive or peaceful tactics. We allow for unequal sharing of fitness payoffs among group members such that the leader can obtain either a larger share of the benefits, or pay a reduced share of costs, from fighting compared to their followers. Our model shows that leadership of this kind can explain the evolution of severe collective violence in certain animal societies. Full details about this application can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7aab999e-cef9-41c2-8400-63f10af798ec

This dataset contains gridded human population with a spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km for the UK based on Census 2011 and Land Cover Map 2015 input data. Data on population distribution for the United Kingdom is available from statistical offices in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland and provided to the public e.g. via the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Population data is typically provided in tabular form or, based on a range of different geographical units, in file types for geographical information systems (GIS), for instance as ESRI Shapefiles. The geographical units reflect administrative boundaries at different levels of detail, from Devolved Administration to Output Areas (OA), wards or intermediate geographies. While the presentation of data on the level of these geographical units is useful for statistical purposes, accounting for spatial variability for instance of environmental determinants of public health requires a more spatially homogeneous population distribution. For this purpose, the dataset presented here combines 2011 UK Census population data on Output Area level with Land Cover Map 2015 land-use classes 'urban' and 'suburban' to create a consistent and comprehensive gridded population data product at 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution. The mapping product is based on British National Grid (OSGB36 datum). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0995e94d-6d42-40c1-8ed4-5090d82471e1

[THIS DATASET HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN]. This dataset contains gridded population with a spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km for the UK based on Census 2011 and Land Cover Map 2007 input data. Data on population distribution for the United Kingdom is available from statistical offices in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland and provided to the public e.g. via the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Population data is typically provided in tabular form or, based on a range of different geographical units, in file types for geographical information systems (GIS), for instance as ESRI Shapefiles. The geographical units reflect administrative boundaries at different levels of detail, from Devolved Administration to Output Areas (OA), wards or intermediate geographies . While the presentation of data on the level of these geographical units is useful for statistical purposes, accounting for spatial variability for instance of environmental determinants of public health requires a more spatially homogeneous population distribution. For this purpose, the dataset presented here combines 2011 UK Census population data on Output Area level with Land Cover Map 2007 land-use classes 'urban' and 'suburban' to create a consistent and comprehensive gridded population data product at 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution. The mapping product is based on British National Grid (OSGB36 datum). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/61f10c74-8c2c-4637-a274-5fa9b2e5ce44

This dataset contains the results of 211 household surveys conducted in Mambwe District, Zambia, as part of a wider study looking at human and animal trypanosomiasis and changing settlement patterns in the area. The interviews were conducted from June 2013 to August 2013. The objective of the survey was to set the health of people and their animals in the context of overall household wellbeing, assets and access to resources. The topics covered included household demographics, human and animal health, access to and use of medical and veterinary services, livestock and dog demographics, livestock production, human and animal contacts with wildlife, crop and especially cotton production, migration, access to water and fuel use, household assets and poverty, resilience and values. The dataset has been anonymised by removing names of respondents, Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) location of their homes and names of interviewers. Household numbers were retained. Written consent was obtained prior to commencing all interviews. This research was part of a wider research project, the Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium (DDDAC), and these data contributed to the research carried out by the consortium. The research was funded by NERC with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation Programme (ESPA). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b1647138-49f5-4777-a39d-e7359bf7b98d

This dataset contains nitrogen data from nitrate, ammonium and nitrite, total nitrogen and carbon data, and elemental composition data from anaerobic digestate and biomass ash from UK bioenergy production. Anaerobic digestate was sampled 8 times from different industrial scale plants across the UK between January 2015 and January 2018 and biomass ash was sampled in January 2015 and June 2016. Anaerobic digestate was sourced from segregated food waste (mainly household waste), pig slurry, maize silage, vegetables waste, sweet corn waste, aerobically treated food waste, food manufacturer waste and other biodegradable sludge from within the UK. Biomass ash, both fly and bottom ash, from virgin and recycled wood was sourced from three sites within the UK and one from Spain. All laboratory analyses were undertaken at Lancaster University using standardised methods. The data were collected as part of the research grant, Developing a suite of novel land conditioners and plant fertilizers from the waste streams of biomass energy generation. The research was funded by NERC, award NE/L014122/1. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/990c54f6-5c92-4054-8bfa-953533a89149

This dataset contains recreation demand maps for the UK based on weekly, monthly and yearly visit frequencies. Recreation includes activities such as walking, hiking, cycling, etc, i.e., ‘outdoor non-vehicular recreation’. Recreation demand was calculated as the number of projected visits for local recreation, estimated using the universal law of human mobility (Schläpfer et al., 2021, Nature). Recreation demand maps are supplied at 250 m resolution in a British National Grid transverse Mercator projection (EPSG 27700). For each visit frequency (weekly, monthly and yearly), there is a map with and without attractiveness included in the calculation, where protected areas are used a proxy for attractiveness. This research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under research programme NE/W005050/1 AgZero+ : Towards sustainable, climate-neutral farming. AgZero+ is an initiative jointly supported by NERC and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/bd3bf607-a3b2-423b-b07b-9c41e84746ee