This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v5. The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) is the unified U.S. algorithm that provides the Day-1 multi-satellite precipitation product. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2014 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2014), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Instrument product, and combined into half-hourly 10x10 km fields. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

This dataset contains output from the TMPA (TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation) Algorithm, and provides precipitation estimates in the TRMM regions that have the (nearly-zero) bias of the ”TRMM Combined Instrument” precipitation estimate and the dense sampling of high-quality microwave data with fill-in using microwave-calibrated infrared estimates. The granule size is 3 hours. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration (JAXA) Agency to study rainfall for weather and climate research.

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD35_L2 " The MODIS Cloud Mask product is a Level-2 product generated at 1-km and 250-m (at nadir) spatial resolutions. The algorithm employs a series of visible and infrared threshold and consistency tests to specify confidence that an unobstructed view of the Earth's surface has been observed. An indication of shadows affecting the scene is also provided. The 250-m cloud mask flags are based on visible channel data only. Radiometrically-accurate radiances are required, thus holes in the Cloud Mask will appear wherever the input radiances are incomplete or of poor quality assurance. There are two MODIS Cloud Mask data product files: MOD35_L2, containing data collected from the Terra platform; and MYD35_L2, containing data collected from the Aqua platform. The MODIS cloud mask algorithm employs a battery of spectral tests, which use methodology applied in the AVHRR Processing scheme Over cLoudy Land and Ocean (APOLLO), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), CLoud Advanced Very high resolution Radiometer (CLAVR), and the Support of Environmental Requirements for Cloud Analysis and Archive (SERCAA) algorithms to identify cloudy FOVs. From these, a clear-sky confidence level (high confident clear, probably clear, undecided, cloudy) is assigned to each FOV. For inconclusive results, spatial- and temporal-variability tests are applied. The spectral tests rely on radiance (temperature) thresholds in the infrared and reflectance thresholds in the visible and near-infrared. Thresholds vary with surface type, atmospheric conditions (moisture, aerosol, etc.), and viewing geometry. In addition to the MOD02 calibrated radiances, a 1-km land/water mask, DEM, ecosystem analysis, snow/ice cover map, NCEP analysis of surface temperature and wind speed, and an estimate of precipitable water are required as inputs. A determination of the presence of global cloudiness is essential to the MODIS mission for two reasons. First, clouds play a critical role in the radiative balance of the Earth and must be accurately described to assess climate and potential climate change. Second, the presence of cloudiness must be accurately determined to properly retrieve many atmospheric and surface parameters. For many of these retrieval algorithms even thin cirrus represents contamination. Cloud mask validation will be conducted using MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data from several field campaigns, all-sky cameras, and comparison with NOAA operational instruments and possibly ASTER. For additional details see the MODIS Atmospheres web site page onCollection 6.1 Updates. " Shortname: MOD35_L2 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 , Spatial Resolution: 250 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 5 minute , ArchiveSets: 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE03 , File Naming Convention: MOD35_L2.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition HHMM = Hour and Minute of acquisition CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time AYYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition , Citation: Ackerman, S., et al., 2015. MODIS Atmosphere L2 Cloud Mask Product. NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD35_L2.061 , Keywords: Cloud Fraction, Climate Change, Atmospheric Correction

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD09GA Shortname: MOD09GA , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 Tiled , Spatial Resolution: 500 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE13

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD13A2 Global MODIS vegetation indices are designed to provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation conditions. Blue, red, and near-infrared reflectances, centered at 469-nanometers, 645-nanometers, and 858-nanometers, respectively, are used to determine the MODIS daily vegetation indices. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) complements NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI products providing continuity for time series applications over this rich historical archive. MODIS also includes a new Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product that minimizes canopy background variations and maintains sensitivity over dense vegetation conditions. The EVI also uses the blue band to remove residual atmosphere contamination caused by smoke and sub-pixel thin cloud clouds. The MODIS NDVI and EVI products are computed from atmospherically-corrected bi-directional surface reflectances that have been masked for water, clouds, heavy aerosols, and cloud shadows. Global MYD13A2 data are provided every 16 days at 1-kilometer spatial resolution as a gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. Vegetation indices are used for global monitoring of vegetation conditions and are used in products displaying land cover and land cover changes. These data may be used as input for modeling global biogeochemical and hydrologic processes and global and regional climate. These data also may be used for characterizing land surface biophysical properties and processes, including primary production and land cover conversion. Collection-5 MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices products are Validated at Stage 2, meaning that accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MYD13A2 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 16 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE35 , File Naming Convention: MYD13A2.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Kamel Didan - University of Arizona, Alfredo Huete - University of Technology Sydney and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MYD13A2 MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD13A2.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Canopy Characteristics, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Plant Phenology, Length of Growing Season

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD13A2 Global MODIS vegetation indices are designed to provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation conditions. Blue, red, and near-infrared reflectances, centered at 469-nanometers, 645-nanometers, and 858-nanometers, respectively, are used to determine the MODIS daily vegetation indices. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) complements NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI products providing continuity for time series applications over this rich historical archive. MODIS also includes a new Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product that minimizes canopy background variations and maintains sensitivity over dense vegetation conditions. The EVI also uses the blue band to remove residual atmosphere contamination caused by smoke and sub-pixel thin cloud clouds. The MODIS NDVI and EVI products are computed from atmospherically-corrected bi-directional surface reflectances that have been masked for water, clouds, heavy aerosols, and cloud shadows. Global MOD13A2 data are provided every 16 days at 1-kilometer spatial resolution as a gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. Vegetation indices are used for global monitoring of vegetation conditions and are used in products displaying land cover and land cover changes. These data may be used as input for modeling global biogeochemical and hydrologic processes and global and regional climate. These data also may be used for characterizing land surface biophysical properties and processes, including primary production and land cover conversion. Collection-5 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices products are Validated at Stage 2, meaning that accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MOD13A2 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 16 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE35 , File Naming Convention: MOD13A2.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Kamel Didan - University of Arizona, Alfredo Huete - University of Technology Sydney and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MOD13A2 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD13A2.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Canopy Characteristics, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Plant Phenology, Length of Growing Season

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD09GA Shortname: MYD09GA , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 Tiled , Spatial Resolution: 500 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE13

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD11A2 The level-3 MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) 8-day data products are composed of data from the daily 1-kilometer LST product (MYD11A1) and stored on a 1-km Sinusoidal grid as the average values of clear-sky LSTs during an 8-day period. MYD11A2 is comprised of daytime and nighttime LSTs, quality assurance assessment, observation times, view angles, bits of clear sky days and nights, and emissivities estimated in Bands 31 and 32 from land cover types. Collection-5 MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity products are validated to Stage 2, which means that their accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Further details regarding MODIS land product validation for the LST/E products are available from the following URL: http://landval.gsfc.nasa.gov/ProductStatus.php?ProductID=MYD11. Shortname: MYD11A2 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 8 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE31 , File Naming Convention: MYD11A2.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Zhengming Wan - University of California Santa Barbara, Simon Hook, Glynn Hulley - JPL and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MYD11A2 MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature and the Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11A2.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Fires

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD11A1 The MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) products provide per-pixel temperature and emissivity values in a sequence of swath-based to grid-based global products. The MODIS/Aqua LST/E Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid,(Short name: MYD11A1), is a gridded version of the L2 Daily LST/E data set, whose LSTs are retrieved by the split-window algorithm. The Collection-4 (C4) LST/E L3 MYD11A1 product inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover. The band 31 and 32 emissivities are estimated by a classification-based emissivity method, which relies on the pixel's land cover type as determined by the land and snow cover inputs. Until June 2001, the AVHRR-based IGBP land cover product was used. Following that time, MODIS-derived land cover product was used. The estimated emissivities in arid and semi-arid areas are potentially uncertain, and users are advised to exercise caution in their applications. The day/night alogorithm extracts average temperatures (in Kelvin) and applies them to a pair of MODIS daytime and nighttime observations. This method yields 1 K accuracy for materials with known emissivities. The V4 MYD11A1 product has a temporal acquisition range of February 24, 2000 (2000-055) until January 3, 2007 (200-003). The C4 collection remains consistent with C41, and users may combine the two collections in a time-series analysis. The MODIS/Aqua Collection 41 (C41) products use a modified Collection-4 (C4) LST algorithm and Collection-5 (C5) data inputs. The C41 products primarily address underestimation problems in the C5 Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) products. Recent validation activities reveal that the C5 CMG products underestimate LSTs up to 6K especially in desert and semi-arid regions. The availability of this collection starts with MODIS/Aqua data acquisition on January 1, 2007 (2007-001). This date is driven by the availability of the MODIS C5 data inputs (level-1B radiance data, geolocation data, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, and land and snow cover data). The MODIS/Aqua C5 LST/E L3 Global 5 km Grid product incorporates 1-km pixels, which are produced daily using the generalized split-window LST algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The C5 MYD11_L2 product's acquisition range started March 5, 2000 (2000-065) and will continue until some time after the C6 reprocessing is complete. The C41 and C5 MODIS/Aqua LST/E products, including the MYD11A1, are validated to Stage-2 with well-defined uncertainties over a range of representative conditions. Further details regarding MODIS land product validation for the LST/E products are available from the MODIS land team validation site referenced under 'Val Status' section. The C41 LST products from 2007-001 will remain consistent with similar products from C4, and hence are amenable to combine them in a time-series analysis. Users should exercise caution, and not mix the C4.x (i.e., C4 and C41) and C5 LST products in their analyses. Shortname: MYD11A1 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE16M , File Naming Convention: MYD11A1.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Zhengming Wan - University of California Santa Barbara, Simon Hook, Glynn Hulley - JPL and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MYD11A1 MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature and the Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11A1.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Fires

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD09A1 Shortname: MOD09A1 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 500 m , Temporal Resolution: 8 day , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE21