This dataset contains output from the TMPA (TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation) Algorithm, and provides precipitation estimates in the TRMM regions that have the (nearly-zero) bias of the ”TRMM Combined Instrument” precipitation estimate and the dense sampling of high-quality microwave data with fill-in using microwave-calibrated infrared estimates. The granule size is 3 hours. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration (JAXA) Agency to study rainfall for weather and climate research.

This dataset contains ERA5 surface level analysis parameter data from 10 ensemble runs. ERA5 is the 5th generation reanalysis project from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) - see linked documentation for further details. The ensemble members were used to derive means and spread data (see linked datasets). Ensemble means and spreads were calculated from the ERA5t 10 member ensemble, run at a reduced resolution compared with the single high resolution (hourly output at 31 km grid spacing) 'HRES' realisation, for which these data have been produced to provide an uncertainty estimate. This dataset contains a limited selection of all available variables and have been converted to netCDF from the original GRIB files held on the ECMWF system. They have also been translated onto a regular latitude-longitude grid during the extraction process from the ECMWF holdings. For a fuller set of variables please see the linked Copernicus Data Store (CDS) data tool, linked to from this record. Note, ensemble standard deviation is often referred to as ensemble spread and is calculated as the standard deviation of the 10-members in the ensemble (i.e., including the control). It is not the sample standard deviation, and thus were calculated by dividing by 10 rather than 9 (N-1). See linked datasets for ensemble member and ensemble mean data. The ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to 2 months behind the present month. This follows on from the ERA-15, ERA-40 rand ERA-interim re-analysis projects. An initial release of ERA5 data (ERA5t) is made roughly 5 days behind the present date. These will be subsequently reviewed ahead of being released by ECMWF as quality assured data within 3 months. CEDA holds a 6 month rolling copy of the latest ERA5t data. See related datasets linked to from this record. However, for the period 2000-2006 the initial ERA5 release was found to suffer from stratospheric temperature biases and so new runs to address this issue were performed resulting in the ERA5.1 release (see linked datasets). Note, though, that Simmons et al. 2020 (technical memo 859) report that "ERA5.1 is very close to ERA5 in the lower and middle troposphere." but users of data from this period should read the technical memo 859 for further details.

This dataset contains ERA5 surface level analysis parameter data. ERA5 is the 5th generation reanalysis project from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) - see linked documentation for further details. This dataset contains a limited selection of all available variables and have been converted to netCDF from the original GRIB files held on the ECMWF system. They have also been translated onto a regular latitude-longitude grid during the extraction process from the ECMWF holdings. For a fuller set of variables please see the linked Copernicus Data Store (CDS) data tool, linked to from this record. Model level analysis and surface forecast data to complement this dataset are also available. Data from a 10 member ensemble, run at lower spatial and temporal resolution, were also produced to provide an uncertainty estimate for the output from the single high resolution (hourly output at 31 km grid spacing) 'HRES' realisation producing data in this dataset. The ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to 2 months behind the present month. This follows on from the ERA-15, ERA-40 rand ERA-interim re-analysis projects. An initial release of ERA5 data (ERA5t) is made roughly 5 days behind the present date. These will be subsequently reviewed ahead of being released by ECMWF as quality assured data within 3 months. CEDA holds a 6 month rolling copy of the latest ERA5t data. See related datasets linked to from this record. However, for the period 2000-2006 the initial ERA5 release was found to suffer from stratospheric temperature biases and so new runs to address this issue were performed resulting in the ERA5.1 release (see linked datasets). Note, though, that Simmons et al. 2020 (technical memo 859) report that "ERA5.1 is very close to ERA5 in the lower and middle troposphere." but users of data from this period should read the technical memo 859 for further details.

This dataset contains ensemble spreads for the ERA5 initial release (ERA5t) surface level analysis parameter data ensemble means (see linked dataset). ERA5t is the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) ERA5 reanalysis project initial release available upto 5 days behind the present data. CEDA will maintain a 6 month rolling archive of these data with overlap to the verified ERA5 data - see linked datasets on this record. The ensemble means and spreads are calculated from the ERA5t 10 member ensemble, run at a reduced resolution compared with the single high resolution (hourly output at 31 km grid spacing) 'HRES' realisation, for which these data have been produced to provide an uncertainty estimate. This dataset contains a limited selection of all available variables and have been converted to netCDF from the original GRIB files held on the ECMWF system. They have also been translated onto a regular latitude-longitude grid during the extraction process from the ECMWF holdings. For a fuller set of variables please see the linked Copernicus Data Store (CDS) data tool, linked to from this record. Note, ensemble standard deviation is often referred to as ensemble spread and is calculated as the standard deviation of the 10-members in the ensemble (i.e., including the control). It is not the sample standard deviation, and thus were calculated by dividing by 10 rather than 9 (N-1). See linked datasets for ensemble member and ensemble mean data. The ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to 2 months behind the present month. This follows on from the ERA-15, ERA-40 rand ERA-interim re-analysis projects. An initial release of ERA5 data (ERA5t) is made roughly 5 days behind the present date. These will be subsequently reviewed and, if required, amended before the full ERA5 release. CEDA holds a 6 month rolling copy of the latest ERA5t data. See related datasets linked to from this record.

Continuous measurements are made using a Kipp & Zonen CNR4 net flux radiometer. It measures both downwelling and upwelling radiation in 2 wavelength bands which are common to many similar instruments. A shorter wavelength band measures radiation received from the sun. It encompasses the visible spectrum, together with near infrared and longer wavelength ultraviolet, over a wavelength range of approximately 0.29 - 2.8 µm. It shows a clear response to the day/night cycle. Clouds and other aerosols reduce the detected radiation. A longer wavelength band measures longer wavelength infrared radiation (approximately 4.5 - 32 µm) produced by emission from the atmosphere and earth's surface. It does not respond significantly to the day/night cycle but changes according to the time of year and degree of cloud cover.

The UK hourly rainfall data describes the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also conatins precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours will not be stored. The data is collected by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW, SSER and WAHRAIN. The data spans from 1915 to present.

This dataset contains ERA5 surface level forecast parameter data. ERA5 is the 5th generation reanalysis project from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) - see linked documentation for further details. This dataset contains a limited selection of all available variables and have been converted to netCDF from the original GRIB files held on the ECMWF system. They have also been translated onto a regular latitude-longitude grid during the extraction process from the ECMWF holdings. For a fuller set of variables please see the linked Copernicus Data Store (CDS) data tool, linked to from this record. Model and surface level analysis data to complement this dataset are also available. Data from a 10 member ensemble, run at lower spatial and temporal resolution, were also produced to provide an uncertainty estimate for the output from the single high resolution (hourly output at 31 km grid spacing) 'HRES' realisation producing data in this dataset. The ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to 2 months behind the present month. This follows on from the ERA-15, ERA-40 rand ERA-interim re-analysis projects. An initial release of ERA5 data (ERA5t) is made roughly 5 days behind the present date. These will be subsequently reviewed ahead of being released by ECMWF as quality assured data within 3 months. CEDA holds a 6 month rolling copy of the latest ERA5t data. See related datasets linked to from this record. However, for the period 2000-2006 the initial ERA5 release was found to suffer from stratospheric temperature biases and so new runs to address this issue were performed resulting in the ERA5.1 release (see linked datasets). Note, though, that Simmons et al. 2020 (technical memo 859) report that "ERA5.1 is very close to ERA5 in the lower and middle troposphere." but users of data from this period should read the technical memo 859 for further details.

The global radiation observation data contain hourly and daily radiation amounts, including those no longer being reported. The measurements of global solar irradiation amount, diffuse solar irradiation amount, direct irradiation amount, irradiation balance amount, and global horizontal illumination are recorded by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data span from 1947 to present.

Atmospheric temperature observations from the Armagh Observatory, founded in 1790 by Archbishop Richard Robinson. As well as astronomical observations various meteorological parameters have been recorded since 1794. If users wish to find data from other areas of work undertaken by the observatory they should visit the Armagh Observatory website. This dataset contains monthly measurements and summaries of air temperature, air pressure, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, total cloud and hours of sunshine from an automatic weather station.

The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, METAR, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to present. This dataset also contains data from a selection of overseas sites: SRC_ID STATION STATUS LAST DATA 1580 GUTERSLOH CLOSED 28/10/2013 13:00 1582 BRUGGEN CLOSED 29/09/2001 05:00 1584 LAARBRUCH CLOSED 14/05/1999 23:00 1585 GIBRALTAR, NORTH FRONT OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 1588 AKROTIRI, CYPRUS OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 1603 ASCENSION ISLAND AIRFIELD OPEN 02/02/2020 21:00 1605 BOTTOMS WOOD, ST HELENA OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 1608 PORT STANLEY, FALKLAND IS CLOSED 31/12/1980 23:00 1609 MOUNT PLEASANT, FALKLAND IS OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 56810 MOUNT OLYMPUS OPEN 16/04/2019 09:00 61737 MOUNT KENT, FALKLAND ISLANDS OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 61743 MOUNT BYRON, FALKLAND ISLANDS OPEN 03/02/2020 09:00 61744 MOUNT ALICE, FALKLAND ISLANDS OPEN 02/02/2020 05:00