The dataset comprises a derived freshwater flux field for the Southern Ocean. This flux field is the rate of freshwater (m^-3 s^-1) entering each point of a grid covering the Southern Ocean, divided by the surface area (m^-2) represented by each grid point, which gives a flux (m s^-1) at each grid point. It was produced using up-to-date freshwater data from ice shelves, icebergs, and rivers over the period 2010-2015 and integrated over a surface encompassing Antarctica and surrounding waters. These data are intended for use in the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) iteration of the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm), but can be adapted for use on a different grid or model. The flux data are in units of m yr-1, on a 2160x320 grid. MATLAB scripts and tables of runoff data are available and show how the field was produced, how the data can be used and how different data can produce the field for a different grid. The field was created to update the accuracy of the freshwater input to a model based on SOSE, and to stabilise it with respect to the formation of open-ocean polynyas. This field was produced by Mark Hammond under the supervision of Dr Dan Jones at the British Antarctic Survey.

The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS dataset comprises measurements of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure. Oceanic volume transports are calculated from these variables resulting in continuous measurements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Data collection is obtained from a mooring array across 26.5N in the Atlantic Ocean and cable measurements across the Florida Straits. The measurement array extends from the Bahamas to the African coast. The data have been measured continuously between April 2004 and March 2020. The data are collected periodically (currently every 18 months) from various UK and USA research cruises. Measurements between the Bahamas and Africa were made using a variety of MicroCat CTD sensors, various current meters and ADCP. All instruments are located on 18 moorings in various locations at 26.5N. An undersea cable makes current velocity measurements across the Florida Straits. The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme aims to deliver a multi-decadal time series of observations of AMOC. The observations will be used with data from other sources to determine and interpret recent changes in the AMOC, to assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and to investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate. The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme is a joint effort between NERC in the UK (the UK Principal Investigator is Eleanor Frajka-Williams), NOAA (Molly Baringer) and RSMAS (Prof. Bill Johns) in the USA. The Atlantic MOC transport (and its components), calculated from the above data, and gridded files of temperature and salinity are held by BODC in NetCDF format.

The dataset comprises the combination of estimates of anthropogenic carbon derived from hydrographic occupations of the 26N section with volume transports for the area between east USA and Africa calculated using the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS AMOC timeseries. The data cover the time period between April 2004 and October 2012. The observations will be used with data from other sources to determine and interpret the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic, to infer the magnitude and variability of uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and assess the risk of changes in the meridional overturning circulation on the marine carbon cycle. The Atlantic Biogeochemical Fluxes programme (ABC-Fluxes) is a joint effort between NERC in the UK (Principal Investigator Elaine McDonagh), and NOAA in the USA (Molly Baringer). It builds on the work of the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme, a joint effort between NERC in the UK (Principal Investigator Eleanor Frajka-Williams), NOAA (Molly Baringer) and RSMAS (Bill Johns) in the USA. The Atlantic anthropogenic carbon transport (and its components), calculated from the above data, are held by BODC in NetCDF format.

A time series of ocean circulation in the North Atlantic from 1900-2018 was calculated using a number of gridded data products. These comprise the EN4.2.1 gridded temperature and salinity dataset (Good et al. 2013), using Gouretski and Reseghetti (2010) corrections (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/download-en4-2-1.html), gridded satellite altimetry from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS, http://marine.copernicus.eu) and gridded wind stress fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF, https://www.ecmwf.int). Both ERA-20C and ERA-Interim products were obtained to cover the periods 1900-1978 and 1979-2018 respectively.

The oceanographic part of the ACSIS (North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study) project uses sustained observations from the North Atlantic, gathered during other observational programs, such as RAPID, Argo and OSNAP, to generate ocean heat budgets. The overarching objective of the ACSIS project is to enhance the UK’s capability to detect, attribute and predict changes in the North Atlantic Climate System, comprising: the North Atlantic Ocean, the atmosphere above it including its composition, and interactions with Arctic Sea Ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet. The data will be combined with models to develop new products. ACSIS is delivered by a partnership between six NERC Centres, National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), National Oceangraphy Centre (NOC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) and the UK Met Office. ACSIS has been fully funded for five years (2016-2021) through the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Long Term Science commissioning, which aims to encourage its research centres to work closely together to tackle major scientific and societal challenges. The oceanographic data are held by the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), the atmospheric, cryospheric and model data are held by the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).

This dataset comprises hydrographic sections, together with measurements collected by ocean gliders and moored instrumentation deployed during the UK Overturning In the Subpolar North Atlantic Programme (UK-OSNAP). UK-OSNAP is the UK contribution to the International OSNAP Programme. The dataset also includes modelling output informed by the observations. OSNAP observations are focused on two lines: i) OSNAP West, extending from south Labrador to southwest Greenland and ii) OSNAP East from southeast Greenland to Scotland. Data collection commenced June 2014 and is ongoing. UK-OSNAP consists of cruises JR302, PE399, DY053, DY054, two alternating glider deployments, current meter moorings (five at Cape Farewell and three in the Rockall trough) and ADCPs in the Rockall Trough Shelf Edge Current. The model data addresses the Subpolar Gyre circulation and fluxes using data assimilation and theoretical analysis. The datasets assembled as part of UK-OSNAP provide a continuous record of full-depth, trans-basin mass, heat, and freshwater fluxes in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre. These, coupled with the associated modelling exercises help improve the understanding of the circulation and fluxes of the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre. UK-OSNAP, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is led by the National Oceanography Centre (NOC). UK-OSNAP is a partnership between NOC, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), University of Oxford and the University of Liverpool. It is part of international OSNAP that is led by USA and includes 10 further partner groups in Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands and China. Investigators: National Oceanography Centre (NOC): Dr Penny Holliday, Dr Sheldon Bacon, Dr Chris Wilson, Neill Mackay. Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS): Dr Stuart Cunningham, Prof Mark Inall, Loic Houpert. University of Oxford: Prof David Marshall, Dr Helen Johnson. University of Liverpool: Prof Ric Williams, Dr Vassil Roussenov. The full dataset is still being assembled and currently consists of near real time glider measurements, mooring data and cruise data. NERC have added an extension to UK-OSNAP, until October 2024. This will result in the UK-OSNAP-Decade: 10 years of observing and understanding the overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic (2014-2024).

A collection of geophysical and oceanographic data from several cruises dedicated to the repeated mapping and monitoring of three UK Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Data were collected on the following cruises between 2018-2023: JC166/7, DY103, DY108/9, DY120, DY116, DY130, JC231, DY152, JC237, JC238, JC247. Data collection took place at three UK MPAs: Haig Fras Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) in the Celtic Sea; Whittard Canyon submarine complex, which includes The Canyons MCZ, situated off the south-west UK continental shelf; Darwin Mounds Special Area of Conservation (SAC), situated in the northern Rockall Trough. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) was used to collect photographic data, sidescan sonar and multibeam bathymetry. Other data included shipboard multibeam bathymetry data; moored ADCP, CTD and sediment trap datasets from repeat mooring deployments; deep glider data; ROV video, pushcores and specimen samples; settling plate experiments; box-cores and mega cores; BioCam imagery. The MPAs under investigation had previously been surveyed on cruises JC035 (2009) and JC125 (2015), hence these cruises formed part of the Fixed Point Observations Underpinning Activity. Here repeated observations and surveys of MPAs and their surroundings aimed to provide insight into the development and recovery of benthic ecosystems following natural and/or anthropogenic impacts. The data collection was undertaken by scientists at the UK’s National Oceanography Centre (NOC) and formed part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS) Programme (NERC grant reference NE/R015953/1).

This dataset contains a variety of oceanographic and atmospheric measurements including time series of temperature, salinity, current speed and direction and discrete samples of salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen isotope and trace gas concentrations of the water column. It also includes atmospheric measurements including temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction. The data were collected in the Amundsen Sea region of the Antarctic between 2012 and 2017. The majority of the data were collected during RRS James Clark Ross cruise JR20140126 from January to March 2014. Moorings were deployed in 2012 and redeployed in 2014, most collected data until 2016. Measurements were taken using a variety of instrumentation, including conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profilers with attached auxiliary sensors, acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), Radiosondes and Microstructure profilers (MVP). Discrete water samples were also taken and analysed for salinity, dissolved oxygen and oxygen isotope concentration and trace gas concentrations. Measurements were also taken by CTD profilers, current meters and ADCPs deployed on moorings and by CTDs deployed on tags on seals. The project was designed to discover how and why warm ocean water gets close to the ice shelf in Antarctica (and in particular the Amundsen Sea) and is part of the wider iSTAR programme. The principal investigator for this project is Professor Karen Heywood, University of East Anglia and the project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. Data from the project are held at the British Oceanographic Data Centre. BODC do not expect to receive data from the Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP) deployed by the project. The originator has identified data quality issues with these datasets and has indicated that they won't be supplied. We expect to receive all other data collected by the project. The Korean Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) collected CTD and Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiles (LADCP) data in 2012 (cruise ANA02C- report accessible via http://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/4603) and 2016 (cruise ANA06B- report not yet available).