This collection of data forms the Permafrost Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v1), which comprises the Version 2.0 Permafrost data products from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. Data products include Ground Temperature, Active Layer Thickness and Permafrost Extent for the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2018. They are derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Gridded products are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures, as well as the maximum depth of seasonal thaw, which corresponds to the active layer thickness.

This collection of data forms the Permafrost Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v2), which comprises the Version 3.0 Permafrost data products from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. Data products include Ground Temperature, Active Layer Thickness and Permafrost Extent for the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2019. They are derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Gridded products are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures, as well as the maximum depth of seasonal thaw, which corresponds to the active layer thickness.

This collection of data is a Beta version of the Permafrost Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v0), which comprises the Version 1.0 Permafrost data products from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. Data products include Ground Temperature, Active Layer Thickness and Permafrost Extent for the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017. They are derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Gridded products are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures, as well as the maximum depth of seasonal thaw, which corresponds to the active layer thickness.

This dataset contains permafrost ground temperature data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the first version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v1). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v1 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures and is provided for specific depths (surface, 1m, 2m, 5m , 10m). Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2018 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

This dataset contains permafrost ground temperature data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the Beta version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v0). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v0 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures and is provided for specific depths (surface, 1m, 2m, 5m , 10m) for the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017.

This dataset contains permafrost active layer thickness data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the first version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v1). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v1 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. The maximum depth of seasonal thaw is provided, which corresponds to the active layer thickness. Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2018 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

This dataset contains permafrost active layer thickness data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the beta version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v0). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v0 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. The maximum depth of seasonal thaw is provided, which corresponds to the active layer thickness. It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017.

This dataset contains permafrost extent data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the Beta version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v0). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v0 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures which forms the basis for the retrieval of yearly fraction of permafrost-underlain and permafrost-free area within a pixel. A classification according to the IPA (International Permafrost Association) zonation delivers the well-known permafrost zones, distinguishing isolated (0-10%) sporadic (10-50%), discontinuous (50-90%) and continuous permafrost (90-100%). It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017.

This dataset contains permafrost extent data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the first version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v1). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Grid products of CDRP v1 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures (at 2 m depth) which forms the basis for the retrieval of yearly fraction of permafrost-underlain and permafrost-free area within a pixel. A classification according to the IPA (International Permafrost Association) zonation delivers the well-known permafrost zones, distinguishing isolated (0-10%) sporadic (10-50%), discontinuous (50-90%) and continuous permafrost (90-100%). Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2017 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2018 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

The processes by which frost shatters rock are subject to controversy. The main objective of the proposed research is to develop a new methodology for experimentally testing a model of ice segregation in permafrost. Using specialist cold-room facilities in the CRNS Centre de Geomorphologie, Caen (France), the methodology will simulate the bedrock thermal and hydrological regime at the top of cold permafrost in order to determine whether growth of segregated ice within the simulated permafrost shatters a large block of frost susceptible rock (chalk). Verification of the ice-segregation hypothesis by the proposed experiment would have international significance to the fields of permafrost science, engineering and rock weathering because it would emphasise the unified nature and consequences of ground-ice development in fine-grained soils and rocks.