This dataset contains high-precision long-term atmospheric measurements of greenhouse gases (CO, CO2, N2O and CH4 ) using Off-Axis Integrated-Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). The measurements were taken at Kjølnes Atmospheric Observatory (KJN). The Kjølnes Atmospheric Observatory (70°51'07.9\"N 29°13'56.3\"E) has been operational since August 2013. Two OA-ICOS devices, connected in series and sharing a suite of calibration and reference gases, have been employed to make continuous measurements of atmospheric CO2, CH4, N2O and CO concentrations. The data are calibrated by performing a linear regression upon the weekly measurements of three calibration (tied to the latest NOAA calibration scales) cylinders. The quality control procedure incorporates regular measurements of a dedicated reference cylinder (Target Tank), carefully calibrated at Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (Germany).

Data from observations made at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) which exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of São Vicente, Cape Verde at 16.848N, 24.871W, in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. Since November 2011, real-time N2O (Nitrous Oxide) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) concentrations have been simultaneously and continuously measured using an Off-Axis Integrated-Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) analyser (Los Gatos Inc). In November 2012, a Greenhouse Gas Analyser (GGA) using the same fundamental measuring technique was added and placed in series to measure CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and CH4 (Methane) concentrations. Both devices are configured to sample at a frequency of 1Hz and both have the precision and accuracy to conform to measurement recommendations as defined by Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). The dataset contains hourly measurements of CO, CO2, N2O and CH4. Data were collected by collaboration between the University of Exeter and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry.

This dataset collection consists of atmospheric trace gas observations made as part of the UK Deriving Emissions linked to Climate Change (DECC) Network. It includes core DECC Network measurements, funded by the UK Government Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (TRN1028/06/2015, TRN1537/06/2018, TRN5488/11/2021 and prj_1604) and through the National Measurement System at the National Physical Laboratory, supplemented by observations funded through other associated projects. The core DECC network consists of five sites in the UK and Ireland measuring greenhouse and ozone-depleting gases. The four UK-based sites (Ridge Hill, Herefordshire; Tacolneston, Norfolk; Bilsdale, North Yorkshire; and Heathfield, East Sussex) sample air from elevated inlets on tall telecommunications towers. Mace Head, situated on the west coast of Ireland, samples from an inlet within 10 metres of ground level and is ideally situated to intercept baseline air from the North Atlantic Ocean. The measurement site at Weybourne, Norfolk, funded by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) and operated by the University of East Anglia, is also affiliated with the network. Mace Head and Weybourne data are archived separately - see links in documentation. Data from the UK DECC network are used to assess atmospheric trends and quantify UK emissions, and feed into other international research programs, including the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) networks.

This dataset contains CH4, CO2, CO, N2O and SF6 dry air molar fraction vertical profiles over the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil with air sampled using small aircraft and analysed at Laboratório de Gases de Efeito Estufa (LAGEE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil. The air was sampled during ascent of small airplane from 4.4 km above surface down to close to the ground. A series of flasks (17 flasks) were filled sequentially. The flasks were contained in a suitcase. Valves of the flasks were opened and closed by a programmable microcontroller. After sampling the suitcase were sent by mail to the high precision gas analytics laboratory LAGEE at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil where the dry air molar fractions of the air of each flask were measured. These data were collected as part of the Methane Observations and Yearly Assessments (MOYA) project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/N016211/1).

The dataset contains annual soil greenhouse gas emissions following sheep urine (real and artificial) applications to a semi-improved upland grassland in North Wales, UK, across two seasons (spring and autumn) within the year 2016-2017. Soil greenhouse gas data were collected using a combination of automated chambers and manually sampled chambers, both analysed via gas chromatography. Supporting data include meteorological data, soil chemistry and above ground biomass data collected on a time-series throughout the study, following urine application. The data were used to calculate sheep urine patch nitrous oxide emission factors from an upland environment, to improve estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from extensively grazed agroecosystems. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0434c74c-4a8e-45b8-a187-13e422c0ed0f

This dataset comprises water chemistry data for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TdN), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), absorbance at 254nm (Abs 254), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), and dissolved CH4, CO2, N2O collected at sites across the UK in 2021 and 2022. Data were obtained via collection of water samples in situ, and concentrations were derived via subsequent sample processing and analysis. Floating gas collection chambers were deployed for 24 hours at selected sites to characterise diurnal greenhouse gas emissions from various types of inland water bodies and how these are affected by water body type and seasonality. These data were generated from the Land Ocean Carbon Transfer (LOCATE) project Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/010fa679-71d8-4b5e-b2fd-2d2ce78d02ef

The dataset contains dissolved greenhouse gas and water chemistry data collected across 12 axial surveys of the Tay estuary, Scotland, starting in April 2009 and ending in July 2011. Ten fixed sampling points on the estuary were surveyed on each boat based campaign. Data were obtained either via direct, field-based measurements, or via subsequent sample processing and analysis in laboratories at UKCEH Edinburgh. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/ec78b74e-631d-4bef-8c28-618b4dc0fffd

The dataset contains dissolved greenhouse and nutrient data collected from seven UK estuaries: the Clyde, Clywd, Conwy, Dart, Forth, Tamar and Tay, for the LOCATE project. Sampling was conducted from July 2017 to April 2018 on a quarterly basis, and was coordinated to occur on falling tides and to target specific salinities of interest: 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 25 psu. Data were obtained via collection of gas and water samples in situ, and concentrations were derived via subsequent sample processing and analysis. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/328cacca-c33b-450a-a39c-302b4eed07a2

Data comprise monthly field measurements of in-situ denitrification rates in different land use types of the Ribble Wyre and Conwy catchments. The data include greenhouse gas emissions (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide), denitrification data (nitrogen and nitrous oxide) and soil properties data (nitrate, dissolved nitrogen, ammonia, bulk density, carbon to nitrogen ratio, dissolved organic carbon, moisture content, organic matter content, pH, temperature and water filled pore space). The research was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant (NE/J011541/1) awarded to Keele University and supported by the NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility Steering Committee. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d970c095-129a-41ac-9c82-950ab7804581

The data set shows the modelled change of soil organic carbon under different managements in agriculture for different climate scenarios globally. Dataset includes the change to a business as usual scenario for different soil managements for each decade from 2030 to 2100. The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P019455/1) Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/fbb03aba-ad1c-438a-a3b3-2a99bc1baaf8