This dataset presents plant percentage cover by species, average plant cover and species richness for sites along the foredune area of sites distributed between Cape Canaveral (Florida) and Tybee Island (Georgia), USA. Plant cover by species was sampled on three occasions using 0.5 x 0.5m quadrats distributed along 3 transects at up to 28 sites. Observations were conducted in February 2018, July 2018, and January 2019. The coastline was impacted by Hurricane Irma in October 2017 and the data were collected to look at plant composition in coastal foredunes undergoing recovery from the hurricane. The data were collected as part of NERC grant NE/R016593/1, Resilience of a coastal ecosystem following hurricane Irma. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/100af68f-78e2-4b9d-86b9-5777a5ef38fa

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from the ERA-20C (1900-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from the ERA-Interim (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from NCEP-CFS (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)

This collection of datasets hold the tropical storm tracks derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP model simulations obtained from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). Different storm tracking algorithms are used to identify the storm tracks including TRACK (Hodges, K., et. al., 2017) and TempestExtremes (Ullrich and Zarzycki, 2017; Zarzycki and Ullrich, 2017).

This dataset collection contains winter (October - March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from three re-analysis datasets: ERA-20C (1900-2010), ERA-Interim (1979-2010) and NCEP-CFS (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1.

This dataset contains over 72,000 event hyetographs associated with rainstorms that contain Annual Maximum rainfall (AMAX) values for durations between 5-min and 24-hr for a set of ~1,300 rain gauges in Great Britain. The record length and completeness varies on a gauge-by-gauge basis, the median record length is 19 years and the processed record ends in 06/2018. Note that a rainstorm may have a different duration to the associated AMAX value, e.g., a 24-hr AMAX total may be caused by an 18.25-hr event. Further note that multiple AMAX totals may be embedded within a single rainstorm, e.g., Storm Desmond can be associated with the 2-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-hr AMAX totals for 2009 recorded at Honister Pass. Each hyetograph is accompanied by summary statistics corresponding to the underlying rainstorm and associated AMAX totals. This dataset enables the study of the temporal characteristics of rainfall as well as more general studies regarding the climatology of AMAX-causing events in GB. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/3d20ce5a-9115-4ad3-a55c-d51d66863757

Simulated 15-min discharge time-series (1/10/2015-17/1/2016) for the River Kent at Sedgwick following a Natural Flood Management intervention of ‘Enhanced Hillslope Storage’ plus the baseline simulations are presented. To derive these data, the observed 15-minute discharge River Kent measured at the Environment Agency (EA) Sedgwick gauging station (https://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/info/73005) through the 1 Oct 2015 to 17 Jan 2016 period were modelled using the latest version of Lancaster University’s Dynamic TOPMODEL (https://cran.r-project.org/web//packages/dynatop/index.html). The spatially distributed rainfall field used as input to TOPMODEL was derived from a new direction-dependent and topographically controlled interpolation using observed rainfall data for the Cumbrian Mountains (Page et al., 2022. Hydrological Processes 36: e14758, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14758). Lack of perfect understanding of the hydrological processes routing rainfall for stream channels and then along stream channels to the Sedgwick gauge was represented by using a very wide range of model parameters applied randomly within 10,000 simulations. Using the approach detailed in Beven et al. (2022a. Hydrological Processes 36(10): e14703, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14703), the resultant wide range of simulated discharge time-series was reduced by rejecting all but 67 simulations that passed the prescribed criteria. These 67 baseline simulations of observed behaviour through the +3 month period at Sedgwick are presented here. To represent the effect of adding surface storage distributed across this 209 sq km River Kent catchment, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used in the baseline simulations according to Hankin et al (2018. Technical report SC150005/R6. Environment Agency, Bristol. 77pp, https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/working-with-natural-processes-to-reduce-flood-risk) to represent bunds placed on hillslopes in rural areas. The bunds are a type of flood mitigation measure known as Natural Flood Management or NFM. These are known formally as ‘Enhanced Hillslope Storage’ or EHS features (Beven et al 2022b. Hydrological Processes 36: e14752, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14752). The TOPMODEL parameter sets producing the 67 ‘acceptable’ baseline simulations were then re-run with the modified DEM. These results are also presented here. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f

The data are dynamic response characteristics (DRCs) produced by modelling the rainfall-runoff behaviour of a series of micro-basins installed by the NERC Q-NFM project largely in Cumbria (UK) and ranging in scale from 0.0071 to 2.7329 sq. km. Specifically, the rainfall to discharge response of these basins has been modelled with the RIV algorithm of the CAPTAIN Toolbox (Taylor et al., 2007 doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.03.002). The resultant modelled characteristics of the rainfall-discharge dynamics are presented on an event-by-event basis. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/ea641367-dc35-4695-97b8-63f7d6fa9105