This dataset includes numerical simulation data of bottom heated convection in a rotating spherical shell. These numerical models are used to investigate the dynamics of convection in planetary cores. The simulations are performed over a range of thermal forcing and rotation rate [1-3] to study the various dynamical regimes of rotating convection. The dataset includes the simulation states to reproduce the simulations, time-series output of relevant variables from the simulations apart from post-processed diagnostic quantities. Due to large volume of the simulation state files only the initial, final and time averaged files are stored in the dataset in NETCDF format. The simulation diagnostics are provided in text, which includes time series, spatial and temporal averages of various diagnostic quantities (e.g. kinetic energy of convection) and forces to assess the underlying dynamics and heat transfer behaviour. The simulations have been performed using the Leeds Spherical Dynamo code [4], using ARC2, ARC3 and ARC4 HPC system in University of Leeds and the ARCHER and ARCHER2 HPC system. Refs: [1] https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.539 [2] https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.67 [3] https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.03369 [4] https://github.com/Leeds-Spherical-Dynamo/leeds-spherical-dynamo

This dataset contains the input data (initial conditions, boundary conditions, initial perturbations) for Met Office Unified Model simulations performed during the PRESTO (PREcipitation STructures over Orography) project. It also contains the 2D and 3D output files from these simulations. The PRESTO project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with the grant references - NE/I024984/1 and NE/I026545/1 - led by Professor Suzanne Gray (University of Reading) and Professor David Schultz (University of Manchester). PRESTO provided a leap forward in the understanding and prediction of quasi-stationary orographic convection in the UK and beyond. This was achieved through an intensive climatological analysis over several regions of the globe where continuous radar data was available, which identified the environmental conditions that support the bands and their characteristic locations and morphologies. Complementary high-resolution numerical simulations pinpointed the underlying mechanisms behind the bands and their predictability in numerical weather prediction models. This work provides positive impacts for the forecasting community, general public, and other academics in the field. Forecasters benefit from the identification of simple diagnostics that can be used operationally to predict these events based on available model forecasts and/or upstream soundings. A series of activities were used to directly engage with forecasters to effectively disseminate our findings. The public benefit from this improved forecasting of potentially hazardous precipitation events. The academic community benefit from the advanced physical understanding (which was disseminated through conferences, workshops, and peer-reviewed publications) and the numerous international collaborations associated with this project.

Data extracted from simulations of rapidly-rotating Boussinesq convection driven by internal heating in a full sphere and published in Guervilly & Cardin, 2017, Geophys. J. Int. 211, 455-471 (DOI:10.1093/gji/ggx315). The simulations were run for Ekman numbers of 1e-7 and 1e-8 and Prandtl numbers of 0.1 and 0.01. The data consist of tables of input and output parameters (Reynolds number of the convective and zonal flows, convective lengthscale and Rhines scale).

This dataset contains the input data (initial conditions, boundary conditions, initial perturbations) for Met Office Unified Model simulations performed during the PRESTO (PREcipitation STructures over Orography) project. It also contains the 2D and 3D output files from these simulations. The PRESTO project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with the grant references - NE/I024984/1 and NE/I026545/1 - led by Professor Suzanne Gray (University of Reading) and Professor David Schultz (University of Manchester). PRESTO provided a leap forward in the understanding and prediction of quasi-stationary orographic convection in the UK and beyond. This was achieved through an intensive climatological analysis over several regions of the globe where continuous radar data was available, which identified the environmental conditions that support the bands and their characteristic locations and morphologies. Complementary high-resolution numerical simulations pinpointed the underlying mechanisms behind the bands and their predictability in numerical weather prediction models. This work provides positive impacts for the forecasting community, general public, and other academics in the field. Forecasters benefit from the identification of simple diagnostics that can be used operationally to predict these events based on available model forecasts and/or upstream soundings. A series of activities were used to directly engage with forecasters to effectively disseminate our findings. The public benefit from this improved forecasting of potentially hazardous precipitation events. The academic community benefit from the advanced physical understanding (which was disseminated through conferences, workshops, and peer-reviewed publications) and the numerous international collaborations associated with this project.

Data extracted from numerical simulations of rotating Boussinesq convection in spherical geometry and published in Guervilly, Cardin & Schaeffer (2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1301-5). The simulations were run with Ekman numbers varying between 1e-6 and 1e-11, Rayleigh numbers between 6e7 and 5.25e13 and Prandtl numbers between 0.1 and 0.01. The data include: power spectra of the kinetic energy as a function of the azimuthal wavenumber; Rossby numbers and convective length scale; radial velocity in the equatorial plane for 4 selected simulations at varying Ekman number (Ek=1e-8 to 1e-11).

Data extracted from simulations of Boussinesq convection in a rotating plane layer where the horizontal box sizes are unequal (Lx < Ly where the xy plane is horizontal). Data published in Guervilly & Hughes, 2017, Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 113503 (DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.113503).

Data on the average aspect ratio (length/width) and average length of plagioclase grains in dykes and sills, used to demonstrate that the solidification regime is a function of the orientation of tabular intrusions. The data are written up, with publication expected in Journal of Petrology.

This dataset contains numerical simulations of bottom-heated, top-heavy double-diffusive geodynamo models in a rotating spherical shell. These models are designed to investigate geomagnetic signatures of possible stratified regions near the top of Earth’s outer core. The simulations span a range of thermal and compositional forcings, enabling the study of how lower-mantle heterogeneities and light element accumulation driven stratification may influence the geomagnetic field. The dataset provides: 1. Simulation state files (final state and time-averaged state) in NetCDF format. Due to the large size of full state outputs, only these two files are included. 2. Time-series outputs of key dynamical variables. 3. Post-processed diagnostic quantities, including spatial and temporal averages, kinetic energy budgets, forces relevant to double-diffusive dynamics [2], and metrics used to assess possible thermally and/or compositionally stratified layers near the core–mantle boundary. 4. Metrics to compare the simulation outputs with the features of geomagnetic field over various timescales. All simulations were produced using the Leeds Spherical Dynamo Code [3] and run on the ARCHER2 high-performance computing system. References [1] https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.03538 [2] https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.259 [3] https://github.com/Leeds-Spherical-Dynamo/leeds-spherical-dynamo