Data comprise the number of macro-invertebrate taxa (including family and group name) recorded at four sites on the River Beas in November 2017. Data were generated from kick-sampling following the UK Environment Agency's standard semi-quantitative protocol. Also included are site location information (latitude and longitude). The data were collected by Heriot-Watt University under the Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate (SusHi-Wat) project funded by NERC. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/6bfc1787-354d-454f-8277-d9edb1e6455a

Data comprise species level descriptions of macroinvertebrate communities and habitat descriptions from wadeable rivers of the Thames catchment, in the United Kingdom (UK), sampled over three seasons in the years 2009 - 2010. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/5700501d-feb4-445d-aa08-81a158e54bac

The data consist of species level descriptions of macroinvertebrate communities from the Conwy catchment in Wales, UK, sampled over three years between 2008 and 2010. The water bodies studied are tributary streams of the river Conwy, Wales, UK. Sampling took place in November of each year. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using a 1 mm kick net following the RIVPACS (River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System) field protocol. Site variables (depth, width, velocity, substrate cover, macrophyte cover) were also recorded and are supplied as supporting information. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/fbbf2775-2f4d-478b-b59e-38aeaafaf67c

These data show the presence/absence and identification of Cryptosporidium species from the results of a molecular survey of various upland river biota aquatic invertebrates, biofilms, mammal droppings and fish guts, gills and faeces. Samples were collected from various upland influenced sites from around Wales between 2012 and 2015 and were collected. Additionally, otter samples from UK-wide project were also tested. Sample collection was primarily undertaken by DURESS researchers at Cardiff University. Sample testing and analysis was performed at the Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Swansea. DNA was extracted using a commercially available kit (Gentra PureGene), Qiagen stool and tissue DNA kits for the fish and mammal samples. These data were collected to provide new information required for the production of a catchment pathogen model to inform ecosystems (dis)services analysis of land use change scenarios for the Diversity in Upland Rivers for Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project, part of the NERC Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) BESS Programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/84242834-dc78-49a6-83cb-951edac65d18

These data consist of stream water chemistry for selected Welsh upland rivers. The sampling sites were located in sixty one small and medium catchments. Catchments were chosen from the Welsh Acid Water Surveys (WAWS) program (41 sites) and the Wye catchment (20 sites). Results for pH, alkalinity, conductivity and major cation and anion measurements are presented for the WAWS catchments. Results for pH, alkalinity, conductivity and major anion measurements are presented for the Wye catchment. Samples from the Wye catchment were collected in May 2012. Samples from the WAWS catchments were taken during the summer and autumn of 2012 and spring and summer of 2013. The data were collected to characterise water chemistry variation along a gradient of aquatic biodiversity associated with different environmental settings for example land-use intensify and recovery from acidification. Dr Isabelle Durance was responsible for organising the surveys, Dr Hugh Feeley was in charge of collecting and preserving the water samples. Analysis of the water samples was carried out at the Forest Research Laboratories. The work was carried out under Diversity in Upland Rivers for Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project (Grant reference NERC NE/J014818/1). DURESS was a project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d329ca18-c3d8-49f0-b2fd-5243d76dc650

This resource comprises a time series dataset of ant and other invertebrate abundance measured fortnightly at bait monitoring cards on an experimental plot in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Malaysian Borneo. The resource includes data regarding the amount of food resource removed from experimental plots when either ants or vertebrates were excluded from the resource. The data were collected to assess the roles that the different groups (ants, invertebrates, vertebrates) play in ecosystem function, and the capacity for functional redundancy within and between these groups. Data were collected between 2014 and 2016 during a project run by the University of Liverpool, which was part of the NERC Human-modified tropical forest (HMTF) Programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/5321bc6e-be35-4ed3-9b56-25598d61ac8f

This dataset provides annual estimates of species occupancy and species trend estimates in the form of growth rates for 5,293 UK invertebrate, bryophyte and lichen species for the period 1970 to 2015. Estimates are provided at the country level for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as well as for the UK and Great Britain (GB) where possible. These data were generated using observations of species collated by UK recording schemes and societies as the input data for a Bayesian occupancy model. The outputs resulting from this modelling framework are presented in three forms: • 1000 samples from the modelled posterior distribution of the proportion of occupied sites for each species for each year and for each region analysed. • Summary tables from the model outputs detailing mean occupancy and associated statistics including credible intervals and rhat measure of convergence. • Derived species trend estimates in the form of annual percentage growth rates. Annual estimates derived from fine-grained data (1x1km squares) have not been determined for this set of species before, making this a unique dataset that broadens knowledge on UK biodiversity change. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0ec7e549-57d4-4e2d-b2d3-2199e1578d84

These data are benthic organic matter stocks of coarse and fine particulate organic matter in eight Welsh upland rivers with contrasting land-use, moorland and exotic conifer, in response to riparian deciduous leaf addition. Eight sampling reaches were chosen at two sites, Llyn Brianne (4 reaches) and Plynlimon (4 reaches). The experiment consisted of adding deciduous leaves to half of the reaches whilst the other half were maintained as a control (no addition of deciduous leaves). To characterise the benthic organic matter of the studied streams, a Surber net was used to collect monthly samples during 2013 on January (before deciduous leaf addition) and from February to April (after deciduous leaf addition) in each sampling reach. The main goal of this survey was to examine how aquatic biodiversity and organic matter stocks respond to leaf addition in moorland and conifer forested rivers. Dr Isabelle Durance was responsible of organising the surveys, Marian Pye was in charge of collecting, processing and sorting the samples. The work was carried out under Diversity in Upland Rivers for Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project (Grant reference NERC NE/J014818/1). DURESS was a project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/32eaf811-be10-40cb-9794-7c5a1b97a915

This dataset contains percentages, counts and metrics of fungi, invertebrates, and soil invertebrates from 656 soil samples collected from 21 Forestry England and partner sites across England throughout 2023. The sites included an ancient woodland National Nature Reserve, sitka spruce monocultures, heather moorland and breck heath. Important sites for nature recovery were also sampled: New Forest, Forest of Dean, and Wild Ennerdale. The soil samples were collected as part of the Forestry England 2023 eDNA Survey. The primary aim of the survey was to establish a baseline in order to detect future change alongside reference sites. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/07c32201-c374-4432-a00b-832dedee571e

The dataset comprises the spider and beetle abundance sampled by suction sampling in each 1metre (m) x 1m quadrat. Sampling was conducted at six salt marsh sites at four spatial scales: 1 m (the minimal sampling unit) nested within a hierarchy of increasing scales of 1-10 m, 10-100 m and 100-1000 m. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. All samples were taken during the winter and summer of 2013. This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/aff42a31-c314-444e-bdff-2275a8ee93da