This dataset provides information on the annual abundance and diversity of diatoms preserved in ice layers from a Jurassic ice core that was drilled in 2012 from the Southern West Antarctic Peninsula. The diatom record spans the entire depth of the ice core (0-140 meters) and represents the interval from 1873 to 2012 CE. Meltwater from the annual layers of the ice core was filtered, and the filters were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope for the identification and classification of diatoms. This dataset was utilized to reconstruct past changes in the westerly winds of the Southern Hemisphere, with the results presented in Tetzner et al. (2025). Funding: This research was funded by CONICYT-Becas Chile and Cambridge Trust funding programme for PhD studies under grant number 72180432.

This dataset provides a 308 year record of methansulphonic acid (MSA) from coastal West Antarctica, representing sea ice conditions in the Amundsen-Ross Sea. Annual average MSA has been calculated from the 136 m Ferrigno ice core (F10), drilled on the Bryan Coast in Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica during the austral summer 2010/11. The sea ice extent is based on geometric mean regression of MSA flux with satellite sea ice extent from 146 degrees west. The record was measured using a Dionex ICS2500 anion system at 5 cm resolution, corresponding to approximately 14 samples a year. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/J020710/1.

We present the age scales for three Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice cores: Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic. The three age scales are all from intermediate-depth cores, in the 133-141 m depth range. The Palmer age scale covers 390 years, 1621-2011 C.E., and is from one of the oldest AP cores. Rendezvous and Jurassic are from lower elevation high-snow accumulation sites and therefore cover shorter intervals, 1843-2011 C.E. and 1874-2011 C.E., respectively. The Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic cores were all drilled in November-December 2012 using the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) electromechanical dry drill (without drill fluid). Water isotopes and the chemical species used to establish the age scales were measured in the ice core labs at BAS (Cambridge, UK) using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) or from melted discrete cut ice samples. The annual-layer markers for dating of the cores were primarily determined using nssSO4 and H2O2 summer peaks, with d18O and MSA as additional support. This research effort was carried out by the BAS Ice Core group and the established age scales will provide the foundation for multiple upcoming projects. The ice core drilling and analysis was funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant [NE/J020710/1]. Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

Peter 1st Island is situated in the Bellingshausen Sea, a region that has experienced considerable climate change in recent decades. Here we present data from the first firn core drilled on Peter 1st Island, spanning the period 2002-2017 CE. The record includes major ion chemistry (Br-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) used to annual layer count the ice core and calculate the annual snow accumulation. The stable water isotope record is presented as annual averages, which are related to surface air temperatures across the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas, and the adjacent Antarctic Peninsula. The ice core drilling and analysis were funded by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc and the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK).

Here we provide the Palmer ice core Water-stable isotope (d18O, dD), sodium (23Na), and magnesium (24Mg) palaeo archives. The Palmer drill site (73.86 S, 65.46 W, 1897 m a.s.l.) is located on the southern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, Palmer Land. The core, firn and ice, were drilled in December 2012 to a depth of 133 m below the snow surface. The Palmer ice core covers 391 years, 1621-2011 C.E. The data were measured on the British Antarctic Survey Continuous Flow Analysis system in Cambridge, UK. Data is given both on depth and temporal (annual means) scales. The d18O and dD records were measured on a CFA laser spectroscopy system and the 23Na and 24Mg data were measured on the CFA ICP-MS setup. The ice core drilling and analysis were funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant NE/J020710/1. The Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

Young Island is a new ice core drilling site uniquely positioned to give insight into the (sub-)Antarctic climate. This dataset contains four preliminary dating approaches that lay the foundation for the age scale of the Young Island ice core presented in Moser et al. (2021). Funding was provided to SubICE by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc (grant no. SubICE). ERT received core funding from NERC to the British Antarctic Survey's Ice Dynamics and Palaeoclimate programme. DEM was supported by BAS, Cambridge, and the NERC C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (grant no. NE/S007164/1). JBP received grant funding from the Australian Government.

This dataset provides an annual isotope record from the Gomez (GZ07) ice core, dating back to the 1850s. The 136 m core was drilled on the South-western Antarctic Peninsula, during January 2007. We present a new 150-year, high-resolution, stable isotope record (delta-O-18) from the Gomez ice core, drilled on the data sparse south western Antarctic Peninsula. The record is highly correlated with satellite-derived temperature reconstructions and instrumental records from Faraday station on the north west coast, thus making it a robust proxy for local and regional temperatures since the 1850s.

Seventy-nine Antarctic ice core snow accumulation records were gathered as part of a community led project coordinated by the PAGES Antarctica 2k working group. Individual ice core records (kg m2 yr-1) were normalised relative to a reference period (1960-1990). The normalised records were separated into seven geographical regions and averaged together to form the regional composites. The seven geographical regions are: East Antarctica; Wilkes Land Coast; Weddell Sea Coast; Antarctic Peninsula; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Victoria Land; and Dronning Maud Land. Full data description and methods can be found in Thomas et al., 2017. This record also includes the original data, from which the composite records were produced. Due to erroneous data contained in the files, this dataset has been superseded by a corrected version. Please use that corrected dataset in preference to this one to avoid the problem. The DOI for the updated data is: 10.5285/cc1d42de-dfe6-40aa-a1a6-d45cb2fc8293

Seventy-nine Antarctic ice core snow accumulation records were gathered as part of a community led project coordinated by the PAGES Antarctica 2k working group. Individual ice core records (kg m2 yr-1) were normalised relative to a reference period (1960-1990). The normalised records were separated into seven geographical regions and averaged together to form the regional composites. The seven geographical regions are: East Antarctica; Wilkes Land Coast; Weddell Sea Coast; Antarctic Peninsula; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Victoria Land; and Dronning Maud Land. Full data description and methods can be found in Thomas et al., 2017. This record also includes the original data, from which the composite records were produced. This dataset represents an updated version of another published dataset. The update was necessary due to erroneous data contained in the files. Please use this corrected dataset in preference to the other one.

This dataset presents the microparticle and ion fluxes from a set of ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, as presented in Tetzner et al. (2022). Microparticle (MPC_flux) and ionic (nssCa+2_flux, nssK+_flux, ssNa+_flux, MSA_flux) data are provided as annual fluxes for the 1992-2019 CE interval. Annual fluxes were calculated as winter-to-winter averages. Data points represent the annual austral winter-to-winter average and are presented over the correspondent austral summer. The dataset comprises timeseries CSV files. The first column represents years between 1992 and 2019 CE, and the remaining columns represent annual flux data as the number of microparticles (particles) or ion concentration (ppb), multiplied by annual snow accumulation (kg m-2), listed for each ice core site alphabetically (Jurassic (JUR), Sherman Island (SHIC) and Sky-Blu (SKBL)). This dataset was created with the support of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (grant number 72180432).