Data were collected by stations at Cyprus and Gibraltar from 1900 until 2000. These data are the Met Office's 'old' Land Surface Observation data and have been superseded by the MIDAS dataset collection. This dataset remains for historic purposes only. The data contain measurements of hourly and daily meteorological values, such as rainfall, sunshine duration, temperature, and wind speed. The MIDAS dataset supersedes this dataset and new users should apply for access to that by following the on-screen instructions. If necessary, you will be able to access this historic dataset once you have been granted access to the MIDAS data. The dataset contains the measurements of the following parameters: Sunshine duration Snow depth Visibility Wind speed and wind direction Temperature Cloud type Past and present weather

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, operated by EUMETSAT (The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), provide almost continuous imagery to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. These include visible, infra-red, water vapour, High Resolution Visible (HRV) images and derived cloud top height, cloud top temperature, fog, snow detection and volcanic ash products. These images are available for a range of geographical areas. This dataset visible images from MSG satellites over the Mediterranean. Imagery available from March 2005 onwards at a frequency of 15 minutes (some are hourly) and are at least 24 hours old. The geographic extent for images within this datasets is available via the linked documentation 'MSG satellite imagery product geographic area details'. Each MSG imagery product area can be referenced from the third and fourth character of the image product name giving in the filename. E.g. for EEAO11 the corresponding geographic details can be found under the entry for area code 'AO' (i.e West Africa).

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, operated by EUMETSAT (The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), provide almost continuous imagery to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. These include visible, infra-red, water vapour, High Resolution Visible (HRV) images and derived cloud top height, cloud top temperature, fog, snow detection and volcanic ash products. These images are available for a range of geographical areas. This dataset contains infa-red images from MSG satellites over the Mediterranean. Imagery available from March 2005 onwards at a frequency of 15 minutes (some are hourly) and are at least 24 hours old. The geographic extent for images within this datasets is available via the linked documentation 'MSG satellite imagery product geographic area details'. Each MSG imagery product area can be referenced from the third and fourth character of the image product name giving in the filename. E.g. for EEAO11 the corresponding geographic details can be found under the entry for area code 'AO' (i.e West Africa).

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, operated by EUMETSAT (The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), provide almost continuous imagery to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. These include visible, infra-red, water vapour, High Resolution Visible (HRV) images and derived cloud top height, cloud top temperature, fog, snow detection and volcanic ash products. These images are available for a range of geographical areas. This dataset contains volcanic ash product images from MSG satellites over the Mediterranean. Imagery available from March 2005 onwards at a frequency of 15 minutes (some are hourly) and are at least 24 hours old. The geographic extent for images within this datasets is available via the linked documentation 'MSG satellite imagery product geographic area details'. Each MSG imagery product area can be referenced from the third and fourth character of the image product name giving in the filename. E.g. for EEAO11 the corresponding geographic details can be found under the entry for area code 'AO' (i.e West Africa).

Data for Figure 10.21 from Chapter 10 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 10.21 shows projected Mediterranean summer warming. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Doblas-Reyes, F.J., A.A. Sörensson, M. Almazroui, A. Dosio, W.J. Gutowski, R. Haarsma, R. Hamdi, B. Hewitson, W.-T. Kwon, B.L. Lamptey, D. Maraun, T.S. Stephenson, I. Takayabu, L. Terray, A. Turner, and Z. Zuo, 2021: Linking Global to Regional Climate Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1363–1512, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.012. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has 4 subpanels. Data for all subpanels is provided. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- The data is annual summer (JJA) surface air temperature means for: - Modelled anomalies 2015-2100 with respect to 1995-2014 average for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) - Modelled change until 2081‒2100 with respect to 1995-2014 averages over the Mediterranean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) - Trends 2015-2050 for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) - Modelled trends over 2015-2050 - Modelled Mediterranean summer vs global warming --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel (a): - Data files: Fig_10_21_panel-a_timeseries.csv, Fig_10_21_panel-a_boxplot.csv; Modelled JJA surface air temperature anomalies 2015-2100 (baseline 1995-2014) for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N, CMIP5 (blue), CMIP6 (dark red), HighResMIP (orange), CORDEX EUR-44 (light blue), CORDEX EUR-11 (green)) and change until 2081‒2100 in respect to 1995-2014 averages (SSP1-2.6 dark blue, SSP2-4.5 yellow, SSP3-7.0 red, SSP5-8.5 dark red) Panel (b): - Data file: Fig_10_21_panel-b_trends.csv; Modelled JJA OLS linear trends in surface air temperature 2015-2050 for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) CMIP5 (blue circles), CMIP6 (dark red circles), HighResMIP (orange circles), CORDEX EUR-44 (light blue circles), CORDEX EUR-11 (green circles)) and box-and-whisker plots for the SMILEs: MIROC6, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, MPI-ESM (grey shading) Panel (c): - Data files: Fig_10_21_panel-c_mapplot_tas_cmip5_mean_trend_future_tas_cmip5_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend.nc, Fig_10_21_panel-c_mapplot_tas_cmip6_mean_trend_future_tas_cmip6_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend.nc, Fig_10_21_panel-c_mapplot_tas_cordex_11_mean_trend_future_tas_cordex_11_maps_trend_native_MultiModelMean_trend.nc, Fig_10_21_panel-c_mapplot_tas_cordex_44_mean_trend_future_tas_cordex_44_maps_trend_native_MultiModelMean_trend.nc, Fig_10_21_panel-c_mapplot_tas_hrmip_mean_trend_future_tas_hrmip_maps_trend_05_MultiModelMean_trend.nc; Modelled OLS linear surface air temperature trends over 2015-2050 of CMIP5, CMIP6, HighResMIP, CORDEX EUR-44, and CORDEX EUR-11 ensemble means Panel (d): - Data file: Fig_10_21_panel-d_GWLRWL.csv; Modelled Mediterranean summer (JJA) vs global warming under CMIP5 (RCP2.6 dark blue dashed line, RCP4.5 light blue dashed line, RCP6.0 orange dashed line and RCP8.5 red dashed line) and CMIP6 (SSP1-2.6 dark blue line, SSP2-4.5 yellow line, SSP3-7.0 red line, SSP5-8.5 dark red line) scenarios. Acronyms: CMIP - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Cordex – Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment, HighResMIP - High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project, SSP- Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SMILEs -single model initial-condition large ensembles, MIROC - Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, MPI - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, ESM - Earth System Model, RCP - Representative Concentration Pathway, OLS - ordinary least squares regression. --------------------------------------------------- Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data --------------------------------------------------- The code for ESMValTool is provided. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 10) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 10, which contains details on the input data used in Table 10.SM.11 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

Data for Figure 10.20 from Chapter 10 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 10.20 shows aspects of Mediterranean summer warming. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Doblas-Reyes, F.J., A.A. Sörensson, M. Almazroui, A. Dosio, W.J. Gutowski, R. Haarsma, R. Hamdi, B. Hewitson, W.-T. Kwon, B.L. Lamptey, D. Maraun, T.S. Stephenson, I. Takayabu, L. Terray, A. Turner, and Z. Zuo, 2021: Linking Global to Regional Climate Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1363–1512, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.012. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has 7 subpanels. Data for subpanels d, e, f and g is provided. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- The data is annual summer (JJA) means for: - Observed trends over 1960-2014 - Anomalies 1960-2014 with respect to 1995-2014 average for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) - Trends 1960-2014 for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) - Modelled trend differences to the observed over 1960-2014 --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel (d): - Data file: Fig_10_20_panel-d_mapplot_tas_obs_trend_single_single_trend.nc; JJA Berkeley Earth surface air temperature OLS linear trends over 1960-2014 over the Mediterranean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) Panel (e): - Data file: Fig_10_20_panel-e_timeseries.csv; Observed and modelled JJA surface air temperature anomalies 1960-2014 (baseline 1995-2014) for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N): CMIP5 (blue), CMIP6 (red), HighResMIP (orange), CORDEX EUR-44 (light blue), CORDEX EUR-11 (green), Berkeley Earth (dark blue), CRU TS (brown), HadCRUT5 (cyan) Panel (f): - Data file: Fig_10_20_panel-f_trends.csv; JJA OLS linear trends in surface air temperature 1960-2014 for the Mediterranean mean (lon: 10°W-40°E, lat: 25°N-50°N) of observations (Berkeley Earth, CRU TS, HadCRUT5: black crosses) and models (CMIP5 (blue circles), CMIP6 (red circles), HighResMIP (orange circles), CORDEX EUR-44 (light blue circles), CORDEX EUR-11 (green circles)) and box-and-whisker plots for the SMILEs: MIROC6, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, MPI-ESM, d4PDF (grey shading) Panel (g): - Data files: Fig_10_20_panel-g_mapplot_tas_cmip5_mean_trend_bias_tas_cmip5_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend-bias.nc, Fig_10_20_panel-g_mapplot_tas_cmip6_mean_trend_bias_tas_cmip6_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend-bias.nc, Fig_10_20_panel-g_mapplot_tas_cordex_11_mean_trend_bias_tas_cordex_11_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend-bias.nc, Fig_10_20_panel-g_mapplot_tas_cordex_44_mean_trend_bias_tas_cordex_44_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend-bias.nc, Fig_10_20_panel-g_mapplot_tas_hrmip_mean_trend_bias_tas_hrmip_maps_trend_MultiModelMean_trend-bias.nc; Modelled OLS linear surface air temperature trend differences to the observed trend (Berkeley Earth) over 1960-2014 of CMIP5, CMIP6, HighResMIP, CORDEX EUR-44, and CORDEX EUR-11 ensemble means Acronyms: CMIP - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Cordex – Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment, CRU TS- Climatic Research Unit Time Series, CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, MIROC - Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, SMILEs - single model initial-condition large ensembles, d4PDF - Database for Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change, OLS - ordinary least squares regression. --------------------------------------------------- Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data --------------------------------------------------- The code for ESMValTool is provided. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 10) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 10, which contains details on the input data used in Table 10.SM.11 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.