Particle number flux of airborne snow particles was measured near-continuously at 1-min resolution above the sea ice surface from October 2019 to July 2020 during the year-round MOSAiC expedition. Sensors where mounted at 0.08 m and 10 m on the mast in MetCity on the MOSAiC ice floe drifting during the measurement period within an area of 79.2 N to 88.6 N and 2.7 W to 133.6 E. The SPC measurements were part of the BAS measurement suite during MOSAiC to quantify sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice and potential impacts on clouds and climate. Instrument and data quality checks during the year-round campaign were carried out by BAS scientists and the MOSAiC ATMOS team. Funding was provided by UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project "Sea Salt Aerosol above Arctic Sea Ice - sources, processes and climate impacts" (SSAASI-CLIM) grant NE/S00257X/1. The project was part of the international Multi-disciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020.

This dataset presents ERA5 daily downscaled surface air temperature and snowfall from two sites next to the first ice core drilled from Cordillera Darwin, Chile. These records were presented in Tetzner et al. (2025) to study regional-to-local environmental conditions at the firn core site. These local surface air temperature and snowfall estimations suggest the icefield has been progressively exposed to surface melt conditions, but not enough to produce significant melt at the firn core site. This dataset was created with the support of the Dieter R Tetzner''s National Geographic Early Career Grant 2019.

This dataset presents concentration of microplastics in snow from remote Antarctic camps: Union Glacier, Schanz Glacier and the South Pole. Refined automated FTIR techniques enabled interrogation of microplastics (including fibres) to a lower detection limit of 11 micrometers in Antarctic snow for the first time. Microplastics were pervasive (73 - 3099 MP L/1). The majority (95 percent) measured less than 50 micrometers, indicating that previous microplastic reports in Antarctica may be underestimated, due to analytical restrictions. Plastic polymer composition and concentration did not vary significantly between sites, with dominant polymers being polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE) and synthetic rubber. Results indicate that even in the earth''s most remote regions, humans are leaving a plastic legacy in the snow, illustrating the importance of remote, cryospheric regions as critical study sites for determining temporal fluxes in microplastic pollution. Funding: All fieldwork was supported and financed by Airbnb.

This dataset contains a timelapse video of a tracer percolation experiment in the seasonal snowpack near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, on 31st March 2023. The tracer percolation experiment was carried out by applying a coloured water tracer over a defined area and filmed using a camera and tripod. The video was recorded as part of an experimental field study ("Wet Finderprints") by Dorothea Moser to visualise the progression and retardation of meltwater liquid in near-surface snow. The project was supported by an Arctic Field Grant through the Norwegian Research Council - Project No. 342165, RiS ID 12132. Dorothea Elisabeth Moser was supported by BAS Cambridge and the NERC C-CLEAR Doctoral Training Programme (grant no. NE/S007164/1).

The Antarctic snow accumulation map is derived from a compilation of field measurements. Satellite observations from AMSR-E and AVHRR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) instruments are used to guide the interpolation. The effective resolution of the map is approximately 100 km. The estimates of root mean square percentage error apply to regional averages at scales of around 100 km by 100 km. On smaller scales, additional deviations of 30% r.m.s. are likely. Values for locations subject to melt may be unreliable. Units are (kg/m2/a), or (mm/a) water equivalent.

Ground truth measurements in the form of snow/ice cores were obtained from three sites in 2006: Rothschild Island, Latady Island and Smyley Island. The sites selected corresponded to the position of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) deployed during the previous season. At both the Rothschild Island and Smyley Island sites the AWS - due to an unprecedented amount of snowfall - had been buried. Therefore, two cores, 8m and 12m in length, were obtained from the approximate position of the AWS, in addition to the sampling of a snow pit. At the Latady Island site, the top 60cm of the 5m AWS was protruding above the surface - again, due to an unprecedented amount of snowfall. A diagonally descending trench was dug to recover the AWS and two cores were collected at this site. This work was carried out as part of a project to understand how air mass origin and meteorology affect the mass accumulation of snow in areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, and how the atmosphere''s properties are preserved in the snow, Photographs of the expedition showing the ground layout, the situation of the cores and what was done when they were gathered are available and stored with the data.

Three micro-power Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) with two sonic ranging sensors were deployed at field-sites situated at Rothschild Island, Latady Island and Smyley Island in January 2005. The AWS instruments included a wind vane and two humicaps on the mast and two sonic ranging sensors mounted on separate horizontal scaffold poles. The AWS data collected contributed to a project concerned with understanding how air mass origin and meteorology affect the mass accumulation of snow in areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, and how the atmosphere''s properties are preserved in the snow.

These datasets show how lake water-pressure fluctuated through time over several months in seasonally-frozen catchments in winter. These catchments were in three settings: the lowland Finnish Arctic, an alpine valley and a high cirque in Switzerland. The water-pressure data are accompanied by water temperature and (except for Orajarvi), ground temperature for the same periods. Together, they were used to detect and quantify the water content of snow falling on the lake surfaces. The locations, method of data collection and analysis and the results are described in detail in Pritchard, H. D., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey, and a fellowship from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.