This dataset presents ERA5 daily downscaled surface air temperature and snowfall from two sites next to the first ice core drilled from Cordillera Darwin, Chile. These records were presented in Tetzner et al. (2025) to study regional-to-local environmental conditions at the firn core site. These local surface air temperature and snowfall estimations suggest the icefield has been progressively exposed to surface melt conditions, but not enough to produce significant melt at the firn core site. This dataset was created with the support of the Dieter R Tetzner's National Geographic Early Career Grant 2019.

Temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction from two automatic weather stations on the Brunt Ice Shelf that operated during 2015.

Microclimate data collected hourly at Anchorage Island, for 15 climatic variables via automatic data loggers, from 2001-2009. Data is not available across the entire temporal range for all variables. NERC funded under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth.

Microclimate data collected hourly at Jane Col, for 12 climatic variables via automatic data loggers, 2007-2016. Data is not available across the entire temporal range for all variables. NERC funded under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth. **Please be advised to use Version 2.0 Data** Version 2.0 (see 'Related Data Set Metadata' link below) has undergone quality control and includes flags for potential outliers in data.

Microclimate data collected hourly at Mars Oasis, for 13 climatic variables via automatic data loggers, from 2000-2019. Data is not available across the entire temporal range for all variables. NERC funded under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth.

Temperature and precipitation data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model are bias-corrected against observations to create these bias-corrected gridded datasets over the Rio Santa River Basin (in the Cordillera Blanca) at 4 km horizontal resolution (d02), the Vilcanota-Urubamba region at 4 km horizontal resolution (d03) and the upper region of the Rio Santa River Basin at 800 m horizontal resolution (d04). The raw WRF data can be found in the related dataset. Full details of the bias-correction can be found in Fyffe et al., (2021). These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess past climate in the Peruvian Andes, as a basis to determine future climate in the region, and as an input for glaciological and hydrological models. The data were created using the British Antarctic Survey high performance computer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT).

Microclimate data reported hourly from 2017-2024 on the Backslope behind the British base at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Data comprises 15 climatic variables via an automatic data logger and is a continuation of a previous dataset from a logger at Jane Col on Signy Island. Data are not available for the entire temporal range for all variables. Data are collected as part of long-term monitoring of microclimate across the Southern Ocean. This dataset is supported by NERC funding under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability Programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth

Microclimate data collected hourly at Coal Nunatak, for 10 climatic variables via automatic data loggers, 2006-2019. Data is not available across the entire temporal range for all variables. NERC funded under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth. **Please be advised to use Version 2.0 of this dataset, which has undergone additional quality control, found here: https://data.bas.ac.uk/metadata.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01598**

Precipitation and near-surface temperature data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5 models) are statistically downscaled to create these gridded datasets over the Rio Santa River Basin (in the Cordillera Blanca; d02) and the Vilcanota-Urubamba region (d03) at 4 km horizontal resolution, from 2019-2100. The bias-corrected WRF data found in the related dataset are used as the observational truth for the historical period 1980-2018, and the data are downscaled using an empirical quantile mapping technique. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP) have been downscaled, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, from 30 CMIP5 models. The daily total precipitation and daily minimum and maximum temperature at 2 m are downscaled, and the daily average and monthly average temperatures are calculated using the hourly temperature (not archived due to space constraints). The potential evapotranspiration is estimated from the downscaled precipitation and temperature data, using the Hargreaves equation. These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess future climate in the Peruvian Andes, as a basis to determine future climate in the region, and as an input for glaciological and hydrological models. The data were created on the JASMIN supercomputer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT).

Microclimate data collected hourly at Coal Nunatak, for 10 climatic variables via automatic data loggers, 2006-2019. Data is not available across the entire temporal range for all variables. NERC funded under the British Antarctic Survey National Capability programme, Polar Science for Planet Earth. This is an updated version of this dataset. There have been changes to the quality control carried out in the updated data.