This dataset contains geochemistry measurements and fossil diatom counts made on a sediment core from La Grange Cop lake, Marion Island (46deg94S, 37deg60E, 60 m above sea level). The dataset consists of diatom relative frequencies, diatom principal components analysis (PCA), and diatom-inferred conductivity, ITRAX scanning XRF elemental percentages and XRF PCA, C%, N%, and delta13C measurements, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Ages of the sediment samples were assigned based on an age depth model derived from 210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C measurements and span the last c. 700 years. This project was funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/K004514/1 to Dominic A Hodgson and a Research Foundation-Flanders travel bursary to Elie Verleyen.

The dataset comprises of GPS site data, bathymetric data from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51.3003 S, 72.6786 W and approx 33 m a.s.l., water chemistry collected from lakes in the region made in 2007 and precipitation data generated from the ERA-INTERIM model for Lago Pato. The data are used to help constrain glacier dynamics and lake level change in the TdP and Ultima Esperanza region over the last approx 30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and an UGent BOF bilateral collaboration project. RMcC was supported by Programa Regional R17A10002 and R20F0002 (PATSER) ANID. We gratefully acknowledge the University of Magallanes (UMAG) and the University of Santiago (Carolina Diaz) for assistance with fieldwork; the NERC/SUERC AMS Radiocarbon Facility for providing initial range-finder radiocarbon dates; the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL, now National Environmental Isotope Facility, NEIF, at the British Geological Survey) and Melanie Lang for stable carbon isotope analysis; Aberystwyth University (David Kelly), Durham University (Neil Tunstall and Christopher Longley) and Edinburgh University (Chris Hayward) for use of their core scanning and microprobe facilities and technical support.

These data comprise diatom species frequency and environmental (geographic and limnological) data from 64 lakes on subantarctic Marion Island (46deg55'S, 37deg45'E) that were collected in April-May 2011. 143 diatom species were identified from the lake waters. Environmental data consist of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2, NH4, P, HCO3, pH, conductivity, water temperature, and salinity measurements. Geographical data consist of Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, and geological substrate parameters. This work forms part of the thesis of van Nieuwenhuyze (2015). This work was funded by Belgian Science Policy Office project CCAMBIO (SD/BA/03) and a Research Foundation-Flanders travel bursary awarded to E. Verleyen.

The dataset comprises of site data and multiproxy analyses of the LP16 lake sediment cores extracted from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51.3031 S, 72.6816 W and approx 33 m a.s.l., which is topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP). The data are used to constrain glacier dynamics and lake level change in the TdP and Ultima Esperanza region over the last approx 30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Data for the LP16 sediment record consist of downcore measurements of biology, chronology, geochemistry, sedimentology proxy data collected extracted a current terrestrial shoreline in November 2015. This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and an UGent BOF bilateral collaboration project. RMcC was supported by Programa Regional R17A10002 and R20F0002 (PATSER) ANID. We gratefully acknowledge the University of Magallanes (UMAG) and the University of Santiago (Carolina Diaz) for assistance with fieldwork; the NERC/SUERC AMS Radiocarbon Facility for providing initial range-finder radiocarbon dates; the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL, now National Environmental Isotope Facility, NEIF, at the British Geological Survey) and Melanie Lang for stable carbon isotope analysis; Aberystwyth University (David Kelly), Durham University (Neil Tunstall and Christopher Longley) and Edinburgh University (Chris Hayward) for use of their core scanning and microprobe facilities and technical support.

The dataset comprises of site data and multiproxy analyses of LP08 lake sediment cores extracted from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at -51.3003, -72.6786 and approx 33 m a.s.l., which is topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP). The data are used to constrain glacier dynamics and lake level change in the TdP and Ultima Esperanza region over the last approx 30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Data for the LP08 sediment record consist of downcore measurements of biology, chronology, geochemistry, sedimentology proxy data collected from the current depocentre between November 2007 to March 2008. This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and an UGent BOF bilateral collaboration project. RMcC was supported by Programa Regional R17A10002 and R20F0002 (PATSER) ANID. We gratefully acknowledge the University of Magallanes (UMAG) and the University of Santiago (Carolina Diaz) for assistance with fieldwork; the NERC/SUERC AMS Radiocarbon Facility for providing initial range-finder radiocarbon dates; the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL, now National Environmental Isotope Facility, NEIF, at the British Geological Survey) and Melanie Lang for stable carbon isotope analysis; Aberystwyth University (David Kelly), Durham University (Neil Tunstall and Christopher Longley) and Edinburgh University (Chris Hayward) for use of their core scanning and microprobe facilities and technical support.

Glacier meltwater supplies a significant amount of silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) sourced from weathered bedrock to downstream ecosystems. However, the extent to which these essential nutrients reach the ocean is regulated by the nature of the benthic cycling of dissolved Si and Fe within fjord systems, given the rapid deposition of reactive particulate fractions at fjord heads. The dataset is used to examine the benthic cycling of the two nutrients at Patagonian fjord heads through geochemical analyses of sediment pore waters and reaction-transport modeling for Si. The dataset contains: (i) pore water redox-sensitive nitrate (NO3-) and dissolved manganese (DMn) concentration data, nutrient dissolved silicon (DSi) and iron (DFe) concentration and isotope data (delta30 Si, delta56 Fe); (ii) mild alkaline leachable (Si-Alk) and acid leachable (Si-HCl) sediment silica content and isotope data; and (iii) reaction transport model output for the benthic cycling of Si. The pore water and sediment samples were collected from four sites: SJ (48.228o S, 73.502o W, 106 m depth), SH (47.679 S, 73.715 W, 203 m depth), SP (48.179 S, 73.347 W, 248 m depth) and SB (47.787 S, 73.610 W, 151 m depth) in the Baker-Martinez Fjord Complex on the research vessel Sur-Austral in February 2017. Funded by NERC-CONICYT grant NE/P003133/1-PII20150106.