[This dataset is embargoed until June 1, 2027]. The dataset contains single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data for 323 diverse wheat accessions from Pakistan, Mexico, and Australia. DNA was extracted from 21-day-old seedlings grown in a glasshouse at Rothamsted Research, UK, and genotyped using the commercially available TaNG v1.1 Affymetrix Axiom array at the Bristol Genomics Facility, University of Bristol. The genotypic data are provided in HapMap double-bit format. This work aimed to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat as part of efforts toward sustainable yield enhancement and global food security. Genetic dissection of key agronomic traits presents a viable strategy for developing high-yielding, nitrogen-efficient wheat cultivars. The data support a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that related NUE traits to potential genetic markers. The research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/S009019/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/291ca8d7-6178-4e6f-98a5-f59225d884cd

This dataset contains tracks generated using a bespoke tracking algorithm developed within the BITMAP (Better understanding of Interregional Teleconnections for prediction in the Monsoon And Poles) project, identifying and linking upper-tropospheric vortices (described in Hunt et al, 2018, QJRMS - see linked documentation). This utilised data derived from from various simulation output for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) 'Historical' experiment. Similar datasets were produced using various model output from the WRCP CMIP5 'RCP45' and 'RCP85' experiments and the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis model output, also available within the parent dataset collection. Western disturbances (WDs) are upper-level vortices that can significantly impact the weather over Pakistan and north India. This is a catalogue of the tracks of WDs passing through the region (specifically 20-36.5N, 60-80E) on the 500 hPa layer. This differs from those tracks from the ECMWF Era-Interim data which were carried out on the 450-300 hPa layer. See linked documentation for details of the algorithms used. BITMAP was an Indo-UK-German project (NERC grant award NE/P006795/1) to develop better understanding of processes linking the Arctic and Asian monsoon, leading to better prospects for prediction on short, seasonal and decadal scales in both regions. Recent work had suggested that the pole-to-equator temperature difference is an essential ingredient driving variations in the monsoon. For further details on the project itself see the linked Project record.

This dataset contains tracks generated using a bespoke tracking algorithm developed within the BITMAP (Better understanding of Interregional Teleconnections for prediction in the Monsoon And Poles) project, identifying and linking upper-tropospheric vortices (described in Hunt et al, 2018, QJRMS - see linked documentation). This utilised data derived from from various simulation output for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) 'RCP45' experiment. Similar datasets were produced using various model output from the WRCP CMIP5 'Historical' and 'RCP85' experiments and the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis model output, also available within the parent dataset collection. Western disturbances (WDs) are upper-level vortices that can significantly impact the weather over Pakistan and north India. This is a catalogue of the tracks of WDs passing through the region (specifically 20-36.5N, 60-80E) on the 500 hPa layer. This differs from those tracks from the ECMWF Era-Interim data which were carried out on the 450-300 hPa layer. See linked documentation for details of the algorithms used. BITMAP was an Indo-UK-German project (NERC grant award NE/P006795/1) to develop better understanding of processes linking the Arctic and Asian monsoon, leading to better prospects for prediction on short, seasonal and decadal scales in both regions. Recent work had suggested that the pole-to-equator temperature difference is an essential ingredient driving variations in the monsoon. For further details on the project itself see the linked Project record.

This dataset contains tracks generated using a bespoke tracking algorithm developed within the BITMAP (Better understanding of Interregional Teleconnections for prediction in the Monsoon And Poles) project, identifying and linking upper-tropospheric vortices (described in Hunt et al, 2018, QJRMS - see linked documentation). This utilised data derived from from various simulation output for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) 'RCP85' experiment. Similar datasets were produced using various model output from the WRCP CMIP5 'Historical' and 'RCP45' experiments and the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis model output, also available within the parent dataset collection. Western disturbances (WDs) are upper-level vortices that can significantly impact the weather over Pakistan and north India. This is a catalogue of the tracks of WDs passing through the region (specifically 20-36.5N, 60-80E) on the 500 hPa layer. This differs from those tracks from the ECMWF Era-Interim data which were carried out on the 450-300 hPa layer. See linked documentation for details of the algorithms used. BITMAP was an Indo-UK-German project (NERC grant award NE/P006795/1) to develop better understanding of processes linking the Arctic and Asian monsoon, leading to better prospects for prediction on short, seasonal and decadal scales in both regions. Recent work had suggested that the pole-to-equator temperature difference is an essential ingredient driving variations in the monsoon. For further details on the project itself see the linked Project record.

[This dataset is embargoed until June 1, 2026]. The dataset contains 323 diverse wheat accessions under two N regimes (N100 and N50) across two environments over two consecutive years, 2021-2023. All 323 genotypes were planted in two different Locations: 1) University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (31.4396° N, 73.0768° E), and 2) National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad (33.6736° N, 73.1240° E). The experiments were laid down for two years; Yr1) Rabi-2021-22 and Yr2) Rabi-2022-23. Alpha lattice was used as an experimental design with 4 replications at location 1 and 3 replications at location 2. Treatments were applied as 100% of the recommended N dose at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 (N100) and 50% of the recommended dose at a rate of 60 kg ha-1(N50). Urea was used as N source and applied in three splits as basal dose, at stem elongation stage and at the heading stage. Standard irrigation and crop management practices were followed for all environments. The following parameters were measured: days to flowering, flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm), spike length (cm), plant height (cm), straw yield (g), grain yield (g) and thousand grain weight (g). The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/S009019/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7aa32225-f277-4ff6-bc73-7fe6123748cc

The database includes the classification of 966 active nitrogen-relevant policies from South Asia (including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Sri Lanka). The collection during 2020 and 2021 focuses on national level policies; some subnational policies were also collected. Data collection involved building on an existing open access global database developed by Kanter et al., 2020 that contained 51 policies for South Asia established to 2017 sourced by the environmental law ECOLEX database. Further policies were collected mostly from online sources: such as international policy databases: FAOLEX and national government and ministry websites. A protocol for policy collection and classification was established and followed to ensure consistent and thorough collections across the eight countries. Policies were classified according to a variety of parameters including the sink (air, water etc.) and sector (agriculture, industry etc.) they address and by type of policy. Policies were clustered if they had a central node policy in place and if a ‘subordinate policy’ (including amendments) did not offer anything new in terms of content related to Nitrogen management. This data was collected as part of a collective partnership that brings together leading organisations from across South Asia and the UK to reduce the adverse global impacts of nitrogen pollution on the environment, health, and wellbeing. More specifically providing a resource for both SANH partners and the wider scientific and policy community to understand the nitrogen policy landscape in the south Asian region. Furthermore, this research contributes to efforts in building a nitrogen policy arena promoting sustainable management of nitrogen, mitigating adverse effects. The dataset provides a thorough overview of available nitrogen related policies in South Asia but does not provide a complete set of all the nitrogen relevant policies available in each country. In some cases, this was due to our dependency on policy availability online, and some websites were not maintained. In addition, we excluded policies established post 2020 to avoid policy responses to COVID19 and to align more closely with the original global study. Repealed policies were omitted from the database. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e2f248d5-79a1-4af9-bdd4-f739fb12ce9a