Data comprise sunflower seed predation rates (i.e. number of seeds remaining) after 24 hours under different treatments in 18 experimental plots plots established in 2013 as part of the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) programme. Eighteen plots were examined across three estates – plots in Ujung Tanjung and Kandista estates were planted in 1987 to 1992 and are mature or over-mature oil palm, while Libo plots were replanted in 2014. Plots were organised in triplets and in Ujung Tanjung and Kandista, for each triplet one plot was assigned to each of three vegetation treatments: Reduced vegetation cover, normal vegetation management and enhanced vegetation cover. The project 'Managing tropical agricultural ecosystems for resistance and recovery of ecosystem processes' was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council under NE/P00458X/1. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/1256d475-f321-4a9b-b4ed-927e5b825d3f

This dataset contains fire emissions from Equatorial Asia for the years 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2015. The data is based on the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research with the addition of emissions from Indonesian peat fires, which contribute substantially to fire emissions in the region. The files for each year contain daily information on the area burned and emissions of several species, including CO, CO2 and PM2.5. Data is given for individual fires at 1km resolution. Fire emissions are provided for each year both for fires as measured, and under a scenario where degraded peatland in the region has been partially restored, reducing fire emissions. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/fdae44ed-8b22-4935-b889-b4b271138385

The dataset contains model output from the CityCAT hydrodynamic model showing maximum water depths in Jakarta, Indonesia, during the January/February 2007 flood. The hourly rainfall and hourly lateral inflow boundary conditions from rivers used to obtain the flooding depths are also included. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/8e58f0bb-3ff1-41e8-b8f4-380983ec68bc

The dataset contains parameter values that maximize revised Kling Gupta Efficiency (KGE’) between modelled and observed daily mean river flows when running one of 24 different hydrological models with one of 21 different climatic input datasets in one of 33 different catchments across the Citarum basin or 5 catchments across the Ciliwung basin, both in Java island, Indonesia. This dataset was created as part of a study on the advantages and disadvantages of using existing hydrological models, primarily developed for temperate and cold climates, in a tropical volcanic region. The hydrological models were based on those created for MARRMoT v1.2 (10.5194/gmd-12-2463-2019), recoded as sequential models in the R programming language. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grants NE/S00310X/1 and NE/S002790/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/f6cec7d4-edee-44b8-8f44-86d4f12ac72d

Datasets consist of monitoring data on seedling survival and growth, both prior to (i.e., in the nursery) and after outplanting, collected between 2009 and 2016 from the tropical peatland of the Natural Laboratory of Peat-swamp Forest special research zone in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The data include 4 data files, which provide processed summary data on survival and growth of seedling cohorts, plus the data on individual seedling survival and growth from which these summaries were derived, for both seedlings being raised in the nursery and following outplanting. Nursery data include monitoring datasets relating to seedlings acquired both from seeds and as wildlings, and for fertilised vs. unfertilised seedlings. Outplanting data include monitoring datasets from different treatments, including in previously burned vs. unburned areas, with and without fertiliser, and using conventional plastic polybags vs. organic baskets for planting. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/23e48f2b-cdd9-49bf-8048-f17771d72d9b

Primary forest cover and forest cover loss in Wallacea for the years 2000-2018 to train a deforestation model and produce maps of projected probability of deforestation until 2053. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c7148c20-c6b3-43e1-9f99-b6e38e4dfdaf

This dataset contains terrestrial fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ecosystem respiration (carbon dioxide (CO2)) calculated from static chamber measurements in mature oil palm plantations on mineral soil, managed by Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI) and located on the Ujung Tanjung Estate in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia. Measurements were made monthly, from October 2018 until September 2019. A total of 54 static chambers were installed across nine plots, representing three different understory vegetation treatments: normal complexity (an intermediate-level of understory spraying with herbicide); reduced complexity (spraying of all understory vegetation with herbicides); and enhanced complexity (no herbicide spraying and limited understory cutting). Six chambers were installed in each of the nine plots, resulting in 18 replicates of each treatment. In addition, soil moisture measurements were also taken around each chamber. The dataset was associated with a foreign research permit, issued by Foreign Research Permit Division Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. As the project spanned two years it was covered by two permits, RISTEK permit number: 323/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/X/2018 and RISTEK permit number: 8B/TKPIPA/E5/Dit.KI/VIII/2019. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/378f028d-ab04-4fa5-a5ca-61f78ea0adb0