Geochemical data for the Huainan Basin include Fe speciation data; P speciation data; elemental Al, Fe, P, Mn, Sr data, total organic carbon; C isotope ratios of organic C and carbonates. Geochemical data for the Taoudeni Basin and the Anamikie Basin include Fe speciation data; P speciation data; and elemental P and total organic carbon analyses.

The data set includes stable oxygen isotope data measured on the non-labile (HCl-extractable) phosphorus fraction (δ18O-PO4), extracted from each 1 cm layer of sediment core. This sediment core (LG3A) was dated via correlation with a parallel core (LG3C) using 8 age-depth tie points, for which core chronology was established by analysing 210Pb activity at the British Geological Survey Inorganic Geochemistry Laboratories.

The dataset includes abundances of phosphorus redox species (phosphate, phosphite, pyrophosphate) and metal abundances for a collection of mafic and ultramafic rocks. These include peridotites, komatiites and basalts from a variety of locations and ages. The results show that reduced and polymerized phosphorus is present in unaltered mafic and ultramafic rocks, in addition to phosphate. Therefore, oceanic crust can serve as a source of reactive phosphorus species.

The data include P speciation data (reduced and polymerized P) from Archean rocks in the Moodies Group in South Africa (3.2 Ga), spanning across basaltic intrusions into sedimentary strata, as well as experimental data from simulations of phosphate heating in the presence of organic matter and iron as would have occurred during magma intrusions. Also included are auxiliary geochemical data of bulk elemental abundances to characterize the rock samples.

Isotope tracing data for 14C, 15N and 33P tracing between plants and symbiotic fungi in Lycopdiella inundata, Anthoceros and Phaeoceros sp. and Lunularia cruciata. All plants tested and traced in atmospheric CO2 conditions of 440 ppm [CO2] and 800 ppm [CO2]. Datasets includes total mass of plants and soils, Bq in each component of experimental systems and values in Bq and mg where appropriate.