This dataset contains the raw X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and stable isotope data, raw and processed, for samples from two different field locations, sample HR5 (Slag) from Harrington, Cumbria, UK (54.608278N, -3.570164W) and sample 22CCT1N6 (Ultramafic mine tailings) from Clinton Creek Mine, Yukon, Canada (64.457222N, -140.710833W). The data was collected in between 2023-2025. The XRD data was collected for the purpose of identifying mineralogy of the collected samples. The stable isotope data was collected for the purpose of identifying whether the carbonate minerals in the collected samples contained atmospheric carbon dioxide. The data was collected by John MacDonald, Charlotte Slaymark and Robin Hilderman (University of Glasgow) who retain the original data. Data underpins manuscript "The Widespread Potential for Rapid Formation of Anthropogenic Sedimentary Rocks" in press

This dataset contains petrophysical characteristics of andesite samples (geometry, porosity, permeability) before and after a series of mechanical tests (which were conducted as part of another project). The data is presented in the publication Lamur et al., 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26721-x). The data were collected at the University of Liverpool, analysed at the University of Liverpool and LMU Munich. All samples were collected on Colima volcano, Mexico. Experiments were conducted in 2021 and data analysed throughout 2021 and 2022. For each experiment, a rock cylinder of 25x50 mm (diameter x height) is prepared. Porosity data is calculated from sample geometry and volume measured in a helium pycnometer. Permeameter data is output automatically from the permeameter when a constant flow rate of helium gas through the sample is achieved, at which point the pressure differential and flow rate are used to calculate permeability. The values are for andesite samples from Colima volcano, pre- and post- mechanical testing. The data show the extent of changes of petrophysical properties possible by mechanical deformation in the brittle regime. Volcanic environments are often subjected to low magnitude; repetitive earthquakes that may contribute to the overall rock mass (or volcanic edifice/dome) fatigue. Understanding how such mechanical oscillations may change the characteristics of the volcanic rocks comprising the edifice can help better understanding associated hazards.

These data, presented in an excel spreadsheet, where each tab is a different sample (corresponding to the names in the publication), shows the fluid flow volume through time during a permeability measurement, plus the calculation of permeability. These permeability data were used in the publication by Weaver et al. 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118410) The data was collected and analysed at the University of Liverpool and each sample is made of volcanic glass fragments from Hrafntinnuhryggur, Iceland. The geographical location of the samples is here inconsequential for the dataset, the specific obsidian was chosen for its physical properties alone. The experiments were conducted and the data collected and analysed in 2021 and 2022 for publication in 2023. Experiments consisted of placing loose volcanic glass fragments in a crucible and placing the assembly in a high temperature oven (1006 oC) for variable amount of time to sinter them into a coherent material, before cooling and measuring permeability. The permeability measurement was made using the constant head permeability method with synthetic oil as a permeating fluid. This involves the filling of a given height of oil above the sample, creating an overburden that drives fluid flow. Details of the method are provided in detail in Weaver et al., 2023. The data were collected to assess the permeability evolution of fragmental systems undergoing diffusive outgassing, vesiculation and sintering to try to understand the longevity and impact of fragment-filled cracks present in volcanic environments.

Trace element and isotope data measured on 36 sediments that record the opening of the south Atlantic preserved onshore, Brazil. The samples come from two main pre-salt sections within the Araripe Basin close to Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará State: the Três Irmãos quarry which records a lacustrine succession and the younger Sobradinho River Section which is a sequence of organic-rich, ostracod-bearing mudstones. Additional gypsum and ostracod samples, procured from two quarries within the Araripe Basin, were analysed to provide data from the main salt-forming interval. The samples were collected during 2023 by a team from Bristol University (Ian Parkinson, Rachel Flecker), Sao Paolo State University (Rafaela Cardoso Dantas) and University of Utrecht (Dan Palcu). The samples were analysed at Bristol University 2023-24 as part of the PhD project of Rafaela Cardoso Dantas. The aim was to use the Sr isotope and Os isotope data to reconstruct the connectivity between the global ocean and opening South Atlantic. Trace element, carbon and nitrogen analysis were analysed to help reconstruct the environmental conditions in the basin.

This dataset includes measurements of protodune and barchan height, length and migration on both Mars and Earth. Earth measurements were calculated from high resolution Terrestrial Laser Scans (TLS) of bedforms migrating through time in coastal and desert regions. Raw point cloud data can be found at Nield et al. (2023a; 2023b; 2025a; 2025b). Mars measurements were calculated from High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery. Nield, J.M., Baddock, M.C., Wiggs, G.F.S. (2023). Surface and Meteorological Data of Protodune Dynamics at Helga's Interdune Area, Gobabeb, Namib Desert, Namibia on 13th September 2022. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.5285/10203f53-7471-4b8e-8177-74aef66bb432 Nield, J.M., Wiggs, G.F.S., Baddock, M.C. (2023). Surface and Meteorological Data of Protodune Dynamics at Brancaster Beach, UK on 12th August 2016. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.5285/26eacb3a-982b-4d5c-bb48-9bc4de4dfb40 Nield, J. M., Wiggs, G. F. S., Baddock, M. C., Nangolo, S. N., Huck, R. A., Rambert, C. (2025). Surface and meteorological data of protodune dynamics at Helga's interdune area (north), Gobabeb, Namib Desert, Namibia from September to December 2023. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.5285/d5675759-de19-4d47-ba5d-f8fb323bdc24 Nield, J.M., Wiggs, G.F.S., Baddock, M.C., Hipondoka, M.H.T., Delorme, P., Morgan, P.R., Mayaud, J.R., Huck, R.A., Wallum, N.S., Flores Aqueveque, V., Gillies, J.A. (2025) Surface and meteorological data of barchan and protodune dynamics at the Huab Dune Field, Skeleton Coast, Namibia from 2014 to 2023. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.5285/f7d18a98-9cd5-4b35-b42d-ed9f5afd944d

Rhenium-osmium abundance and isotope data obtained for the Kyoei-Sakin-zawa Creek Section, Japan. Sample collection August 2021 principally funded by NSF-NERC award. The approximately 340 m stratigraphically thick Cretaceous section mainly comprises organic bearing siltstone, sandstone and interbedded tuff horizons associated with the OAE1d (Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d) interval.

This dataset contains geochemical measurements which quantify the major and trace element concentrations of Precambrian (Proterozoic) and Paleozoic (541–251 Mya) mudstones. Sampled mudstones are listed under their formation name, with information on the locations of each outcrop belt and further details on lithological characteristics, including environment of formation, freely available on the British Geological Survey Lexicon of named rock units (https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/the-bgs-lexicon-of-named-rock-units/) and Government of Canada weblex (https://weblex.canada.ca/weblexnet4/weblex_e.aspx), for UK and Canadian samples, respectively. Stratigraphic age is given in accordance to the GSA geological timescale v.5.0. Following sampling, specific methodologies for preparation for major and trace element analysis, conducted on an Agilent 5100, are provided in the Methodology. The data was collected to understand changes in weathering intensity coeval with the Paleozoic expansion of land plants. The major element data was needed to: 1) determine how much sample was required for subsequent Lithium isotope analyses (data from which are separately uploaded to the repository); and 2) to ensure similarity of source between samples compared across our study. The tabulated major element analyses were compared at different temporal stages of plant evolution through the Paleozoic. Samples were collected by the University of Cambridge. Major element data was obtained by William McMahon, and supervised by Edward Tipper and Mohd Tarique and Emily Stevenson.

Data shows the composition (in wt. %) and the modelled temperature-viscosity relationship (800-1600 degrees) for various generic compositions of magmas and variable water contents. These data are used for the viscosity curves shown in figure 11 of Kendrick and Lavallée, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.87.20). The data involve only idealised compositions, not real samples, and the data was compiled at the University of Liverpool, UK. These data were compiled in 2021. The generic magma compositions were input into the open access Viscosity calculator "GRD", available at; https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~krussell/VISCOSITY/grdViscosity.html and the resulting temperature-viscosity relationship for each generic composition was generated, providing the lines used in Fig. 11 of the review paper Kendrick and Lavallée, 2022. These data help understanding the viscosity-temperature relationship of different composition magmas with different dissolved water content.

This dataset relates to the scientific journal article "A pilot-scale study of dynamic response scenarios for the flexible operation of post-combustion CO2 capture" (Tait et al. 2016), a study which was funded as part of the call 2 project "Towards more flexible generation with CCS". Pilot plant data from five dynamic scenarios for post-combustion capture on a state-of the-art NGCC plant (circa 2015) are included. The output from a novel solvent sensor, which can provide continuous online measurement of solvent CO2 loading is also included for several scenarios. The article can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.12.009. More information on the project is available at https://ukccsrc.ac.uk/resources/ccs-projects-directory/towards-more-flexible-power-generation-ccs-pilot-plant-test

Raw mechanical data from currently unpublished sintering experiments using glass beads in a triaxial pressure vessel as well as porosity, permeability results of sintering under constant (uniaxial) load. These experiments will be submitted for publication in the future. All data were collected from 2021 onwards and analysed at LMU Munich. Synthetic glass bead samples are sintered to a target porosity in a furnace to make uniform (homogeneous) porous glass samples, before being cooled, measured for porosity and permeability and then placed in a furnace either: 1) in a uniaxial press; or 2) a triaxial pressure vessel. In 1) a constant load is applied for 3 or 5h; In 2) a hydrostatic or deviatoric stress is applied for variable amount of time while the permeability evolution is constantly measured. These experiments impart physical changes to the porous samples. All samples porosity and permeability (using constant flow rate and nitrogen as a permeating fluid) are also measured post-experiment. Sintered glass beads act as an analogue for magmas. Understanding the evolution of transient porous network in magmas is key to understanding pore pressure evolution in volcanic conduits, which controls effusive-explosive transitions