The Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) measurements describe hourly observations from aircraft across the world during all stages of flight. The observations cumulate into 160,000 reports a day, giving measurements of parameters such as aircraft characteristics, wind speed and direction, degree of turbulence, and air temperature. The data are collected by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within the AMDAR message, which prior to March 1992, was known as ASDAR(Aircraft to Satellite Data Relay).

The data consists of a CSV file of mean sea level pressure (MSLP, in hPa), 1.25 m temperature (in celsius), 10 m wind speed (in knots), 10 m wind direction (in degrees), and relative humidity (in percent) measured at Signy Station (Latitude 60 degress 43''0"S, Longitude 45 degrees 36''0"W) for the period of 1947 - 1994. These data were used by Lu et al. (2023) to study extreme high temperature events in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs). Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to the Atmosphere, Ice and Climate Programme of British Antarctic Survey (BAS), NERC National Capability International grant SURface FluxEs In AnTarctica (NE/X009319/1) and the European Union''s Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme under Grant agreement no. 101003590 (PolarRES).

This dataset consists of hourly air temperature and wind speed data from a meteorological station sited on top of a boat house, located in Cumbria, England, next to Esthwaite Water. Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2008 and 2011 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9411b86e-7f43-4249-b3c2-f5adb04447cb

This dataset consists of hourly air temperature and wind speed data from a meteorological station sited on top of a boat house, located in Cumbria, England, next to Esthwaite Water. Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2012 and 2015 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/40f5f2b4-4ebd-4dcd-8b45-3b6a46251161

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Windermere South Basin, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every four minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2008 and 2011 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/bd37710e-6a53-49f0-9a07-6973408a3342

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Blelham Tarn, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2008 and 2011 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/38f382d6-e39e-4e6d-9951-1f5aa04a1a8c

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Blelham Tarn, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2012 and 2015 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/8eab30af-25b4-4ac2-a470-411df9749464

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Bassenthwaite Lake, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2012 and 2015 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b21e5542-95d3-454e-a2dd-9e6c1966f982

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Esthwaite Water, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2008 and 2011 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/94abcb39-84a6-428e-a90f-156452197d79

This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Esthwaite Water, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured in various depths of the lake (see supporting documentation). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. The data were collected by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology between 2012 and 2015 inclusive. This dataset has been used in various publications, please see supporting documentation for more detail. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/82c3c730-8a58-4a59-9aaa-00ab53315507