This dataset provides information on the annual abundance and diversity of diatoms preserved in ice layers from a Jurassic ice core that was drilled in 2012 from the Southern West Antarctic Peninsula. The diatom record spans the entire depth of the ice core (0-140 meters) and represents the interval from 1873 to 2012 CE. Meltwater from the annual layers of the ice core was filtered, and the filters were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope for the identification and classification of diatoms. This dataset was utilized to reconstruct past changes in the westerly winds of the Southern Hemisphere, with the results presented in Tetzner et al. (2025). Funding: This research was funded by CONICYT-Becas Chile and Cambridge Trust funding programme for PhD studies under grant number 72180432.

This dataset presents the microparticle (dust, diatoms, pollen and spores), stable water isotope, liquid electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations from the first ice core drilled from Cordillera Darwin, Chile (2017-2020 CE). These records were presented in Tetzner et al. (2025) to assess the preservation of local-to-regional environmental information in the firn. Results obtained from the analysis of this dataset highlighted the potential of high elevation sites in the Cordillera Darwin Icefield to hold valuable paleoenvironmental records directly from the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly wind belt. This dataset was created with the support of the Dieter R Tetzner's National Geographic Early Career Grant 2019.

We present the age scales for three Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice cores: Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic. The three age scales are all from intermediate-depth cores, in the 133-141 m depth range. The Palmer age scale covers 390 years, 1621-2011 C.E., and is from one of the oldest AP cores. Rendezvous and Jurassic are from lower elevation high-snow accumulation sites and therefore cover shorter intervals, 1843-2011 C.E. and 1874-2011 C.E., respectively. The Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic cores were all drilled in November-December 2012 using the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) electromechanical dry drill (without drill fluid). Water isotopes and the chemical species used to establish the age scales were measured in the ice core labs at BAS (Cambridge, UK) using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) or from melted discrete cut ice samples. The annual-layer markers for dating of the cores were primarily determined using nssSO4 and H2O2 summer peaks, with d18O and MSA as additional support. This research effort was carried out by the BAS Ice Core group and the established age scales will provide the foundation for multiple upcoming projects. The ice core drilling and analysis was funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant [NE/J020710/1]. Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

Peter 1st Island is situated in the Bellingshausen Sea, a region that has experienced considerable climate change in recent decades. Here we present data from the first firn core drilled on Peter 1st Island, spanning the period 2002-2017 CE. The record includes major ion chemistry (Br-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) used to annual layer count the ice core and calculate the annual snow accumulation. The stable water isotope record is presented as annual averages, which are related to surface air temperatures across the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas, and the adjacent Antarctic Peninsula. The ice core drilling and analysis were funded by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc and the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK).

Here we provide the Palmer ice core Water-stable isotope (d18O, dD), sodium (23Na), and magnesium (24Mg) palaeo archives. The Palmer drill site (73.86 S, 65.46 W, 1897 m a.s.l.) is located on the southern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, Palmer Land. The core, firn and ice, were drilled in December 2012 to a depth of 133 m below the snow surface. The Palmer ice core covers 391 years, 1621-2011 C.E. The data were measured on the British Antarctic Survey Continuous Flow Analysis system in Cambridge, UK. Data is given both on depth and temporal (annual means) scales. The d18O and dD records were measured on a CFA laser spectroscopy system and the 23Na and 24Mg data were measured on the CFA ICP-MS setup. The ice core drilling and analysis were funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant NE/J020710/1. The Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

This dataset contains ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017. The core is 120 m in depth and spans a 1349 +/- 3 year period from 2017 to 668 AD. The core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. High-resolution stable nitrate isotopic composition data is accompanied by chemistry data, conductivity, density, insoluble particle counts (dust), and snow accumulation rate data. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/N011813/1.

Young Island is a new ice core drilling site uniquely positioned to give insight into the (sub-)Antarctic climate. This dataset contains four preliminary dating approaches that lay the foundation for the age scale of the Young Island ice core presented in Moser et al. (2021). Funding was provided to SubICE by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc (grant no. SubICE). ERT received core funding from NERC to the British Antarctic Survey's Ice Dynamics and Palaeoclimate programme. DEM was supported by BAS, Cambridge, and the NERC C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (grant no. NE/S007164/1). JBP received grant funding from the Australian Government.

This dataset contains a subset of the ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017 (https://doi.org/10.5285/9c972cfb-0ffa-4144-a943-da6eb82431d2). The subset reported here contains ice core data from the 1455 - 1227 AD period (60.80 - 79.45 m depth) and covers the volcanic eruption of Samalas, Indonesia in 1259. The ice core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. Here we report i) the age-depth model over the 1455 - 1227 AD period, ii) high-resolution nitrate stable isotopic composition of discrete ice core samples, and iii) nitrate, sodium and magnesium mass concentrations and electrolytic meltwater conductivity from continuous flow analysis (CFA). Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/N011813/1.

This dataset presents the microparticle and ion fluxes from a set of ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, as presented in Tetzner et al. (2022). Microparticle (MPC_flux) and ionic (nssCa+2_flux, nssK+_flux, ssNa+_flux, MSA_flux) data are provided as annual fluxes for the 1992-2019 CE interval. Annual fluxes were calculated as winter-to-winter averages. Data points represent the annual austral winter-to-winter average and are presented over the correspondent austral summer. The dataset comprises timeseries CSV files. The first column represents years between 1992 and 2019 CE, and the remaining columns represent annual flux data as the number of microparticles (particles) or ion concentration (ppb), multiplied by annual snow accumulation (kg m-2), listed for each ice core site alphabetically (Jurassic (JUR), Sherman Island (SHIC) and Sky-Blu (SKBL)). This dataset was created with the support of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (grant number 72180432).

These data files contain the records of isotopes, anions, cations and organic compounds measured in the Bouvet Island ice core. The Bouvet ice core was collected as part of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016-2017, and is the first ever ice core collected on the island. All analyses was carried out at the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom between 2016 and 2018. Analyses were carried out by analytical staff and a PhD student. Isotopes were measured using a Picarro instrument, anions and cations on a Dionex Intergrion Ion Chromatograph, and organics using High-Performance Liquid Chromotography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Isotopes, anions and cations are measured as discreet 5cm core samples, while organics are measured at annual resolution core samples. This data forms part of a suite of ice cores from the sub-Antarctic islands collected on the ACE cruise 2016-2017, for which anion, cation and isotope data will be made available separately. Funding source Work by Amy King was jointly supported by Selwyn College, Cambridge, and the NERC Doctoral Training Programme [grant number NE/L002507/1]. ACE and Elizabeth Thomas received funding from Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. Joel Pedro acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007e2013)/ERC grant agreement 610055 as part of the ice2ice project.