Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS)nmat is a global dataset of monthly mean night marine air temperature (NMAT) that is produced on a 5° latitude by 5° longitude regular grid and covers the period 1880 to 2019. The temperature values are taken from version 3.0.0 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period 1880-2014 and from version 3.0.2 of ICOADS thereafter. The in situ air temperature readings recorded between one hour after sunset and one hour after sunrise have been extracted from ICOADS and the ship data have been adjusted to reduce the effects of varying thermometer heights. The data have been adjusted from their respective recording heights to each of three reference heights: 2m, 10m and 20m. The air temperature readings have been subjected to a quality-control procedure and values that fail these tests have been excluded. Duplicate values have also been excluded. Additional adjustments have been applied to the data during the Second World War to account for non-standard thermometer exposures on some ships. The adjusted data have been aggregated into monthly mean values in each grid-cell; uncertainty estimates of these gridded values are also provided. The data have not been interpolated across missing grid boxes. In addition to the absolute temperature values, the gridded data also contain anomalies that are expressed with respect to three climatological averages (1961-90, 1971-2000 and 1981-2010). Averages across three large-scale domains are provided and these have been calculated from the 10m gridded anomaly data fields and these data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) files. Uncertainty estimates in these averages are also provided. Dataset description: Gridded data: For each of the reference heights (2m, 10m and 20m) there are three files for each of the base periods. These files contain the absolute gridded data at the respective height, the anomaly values and the uncertainty estimates. The uncertainty estimates consist of three components (correlated, uncorrelated sampling) along with the total uncertainty estimates. Uncertainty values from the climatology estimates are also provided. The climatology files contain the smoothed climatology values along with the 200-member ensemble of climatology realizations, which are used to construct the climatology uncertainties. All uncertainties are 1-sigma values. Time series data: Monthly and annual anomaly averages across four regions are provided as CSV files: Global, northern/southern hemispheres and the tropics (30S-30N). These files also contain the corresponding uncertainty values. Format: The gridded files are available as NetCDF 4 files, and use a factor 6 compression level. The NetCDF files meet CF-compliance version 1.6. The time series data (large-scale averages) computed from the gridded data are available as comma-separated values (CSV). Please note that the current public release of ICOADS for the period after 2015 (the near-real-time updates) is version 3.0.1. In CLASSnmat we have used version 3.0.2, which is currently a test version and is not yet publicly available.

This dataset contains the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) over the globe for the period 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data. A 10 year monthly climatology is available together with accompanying maps. This dataset was produced as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6).

The global weather observation data contain meteorological values observed at 3-hrly intervals by non-UK stations, as reported in SYNOP and METAR codes. The messages contain measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation amount, and present and past weather. The data span from 1974 to present.

This dataset contains the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) in monthly averages over the globe for the period 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data (The dataset was produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory by applying the algorithm of Brewin et al. (2010) directly to monthly SeaWiFS Level 3 composites of chlorophyll on a pixel-by-pixel basis.). A 10 year monthly climatology is also available as a separate dataset. Accompanying maps are available. This dataset was produced as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6).

The global surface climate values data contain monthly and annual surface climatological averages and met element check values for surface CLIMAT reports. The message contains measurements meteorological parameters; the count of months of actual data, mean, standard deviation, median, and skewness of the record are all given for a specified parameter. The data span a maximum of 30 year period ending in December 1990 and December 2000.

This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v6. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2017 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2017), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Ku Radar-Radiometer Algorithm (CORRA) product, and merged into half-hourly 0.1°x0.1° (roughly 10x10 km) fields. Level 3 data are averaged global gridded products, screened for bad data points The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v5. The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) is the unified U.S. algorithm that provides the Day-1 multi-satellite precipitation product. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2014 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2014), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Instrument product, and combined into half-hourly 10x10 km fields. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

The UKCP18 worldwide sea level projections are provided for the tide gauge locations presented in Palmer et al (2020). They follow the same methods as the UK projections with the exceptions that make use of globally complete GIA estimates and a larger set of GRD fingerprints. The data consist of annual time series of the projected change in the time-mean coastal water level relative to the average value for the period 1986-2005, consistent with the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Projections are available for the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios (Meinshausen et al, 2011). The 5th, 50th and 95th percentile projections are provided for the total sea level change and the individual components. Further details are available in Palmer et al (2020), https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019EF001413

The global radiation observation data contain hourly and daily radiation amounts, including those no longer being reported. The measurements of global solar irradiation amount, diffuse solar irradiation amount, direct irradiation amount, irradiation balance amount, and global horizontal illumination are recorded by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data span from 1947 to present.

The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light. For details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record. This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2023. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.