This dataset includes radiocarbon (14C) content and d13C for river water samples collected across the UK. Samples were concentrated to four major catchments - the Ribble, Conwy, Hampshire Avon and Scottish Dee. Samples were collected at high flow. The dataset also includes suspended particulate matter concentration and % organic carbon content. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4962468f-54c4-49ff-adb8-03e9e88cffdd

This dataset contains greenhouse gas profile measurements from the Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis (AMAZONICA) project. AMAZONICA was an UK-Brasil Consortium funded by NERC (Natural Environmental Reasearch Council, UK) which aimed to quantify the carbon balance of the Amazon Basin and its associated contribution to global atmospheric change, to apportion and understand the processes contributing to the net Basin-wide flux observed and, to allow improved assessments of the likely role of the Amazon Basin in contributing and/or alleviating future planetary change. Data were collected and collated by the AMAZONICA team in the UK and Brazil and were deposited at BADC before the end of the project (expected end 2012 - mid 2013).

Profiles of greenhouse gases CO, CO2 and CH4 taken on board a small aircraft descending in a spiral from approximately 4,420m to about 300m a.s.l. (as close to the forest canopy as possible). Samples were taken by semi-automatically filling 12 (for the Tabatinga (TAB 69.7W, 6.0S), Alta Floresta (ALF 56.7W, 8.9S) and Rio Branco (RBA 67.9W, 9.3S) sites) and 17 (for the Santarem (SAN 65.0W, 2.9S) site) 0.7-litre flasks controlled from a microprocessor and contained in one suitcase. The profiles were taken frequently throughout the measurement campaign (2010-2012) between 12:00 and 13:00 local time - at which time, the boundary layer is close to being fully developed. Once a vertical profile had been sampled (one suitcase filled) it was analysed at the IPEN Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory in Sao Paulo, using a replica of the NOAA/ ESRL trace gas analysis system.

This dataset contains measurements of soil pyrogenic carbon, ratio of %PyC to %Bulk Carbon and organic carbon, which were collected in a soil fertility gradient in the Amazon Basin. All samples were taken in old-growth forests. In total, 49 forest plots were sampled and analysed for PyC soil concentration, representing 395 soil samples. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/6410a578-d21a-4285-8e9c-57efbe2b60d5

This dataset contains monthly global carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. A spectrally-resolved photoacclimation model was unified with a primary production model that simulated photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function to estimate the carbon content of marine phytoplankton based on ocean-colour remote sensing products (Sathyendranath et al. 2020 and references therein for details). The photoacclimation model contains a maximum chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio for three different phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) that was inferred from field data, as in Sathyendranath et al. (2020). Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v5.0 dataset). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) was obtained from the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea (Ifremer). In situ datasets P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020). The phytoplankton carbon products were generated as part of the ESA Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) project. Support from the Simons Foundation grant ‘Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems’ (CBIOMES, number 549947) and from the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) is acknowledged. Data are provided as netCDF files containing carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. Additional variables that were used for the calculation of the phytoplankton carbon products are also provided, including chlorophyll-a (chl_a in mg m-3), photosynthetically activate radiation (par, in µmol photons m-2 d-1), mixed layer depth (mld in m) and the mean spectral nondimensional irradiance (mean_spectral_i_star). References: Sathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252 Kulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12,826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826

Data comprise measurements of plant biomass and community composition, soil microbial community composition, greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon and nitrogen pools from a drought experiment superimposed on a the long-term Colt Park grassland restoration experiment in northern England. Rainfall was manipulated using rain-out shelters on experimental grassland plots where fertiliser application and seed addition have been managed to enhance plant species diversity. The scientific purpose was to test the hypothesis that management aimed at biodiversity restoration increases the resistance and recovery of carbon cycling to short-term summer drought. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/8a41b2a2-01d7-409e-adf5-fba3f3770f29

Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS) is a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) funded project, aimed at studying the chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer in greater detail, and for a longer duration, than has previously been attempted. Field measurements were carried out at the British Antarctic Survey station, Halley, at the Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab). Year-round measurements began in February 2004, and a summer campaign focussing on oxidants ran during January/February 2005, after which CHABLIS fieldwork ended. The dataset includes Aethalometer black carbon data at Halley Station. Access to this dataset is now public.

Data from two laboratory-based studies, both investigating the interactive effects of abiotic and biotic controls on peatland carbon cycling. Data comprise carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in peat, litter mass remaining and respiration rate data from litter bags on peat mesocosms, and biochemical and physical properties of peat. Data was collected in from the first laboratory study, which focused on identifying the interactive effects of small-scale temperature change, water table level and plant functional type legacy effects in peat on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from peat collected from Black Law Wind Farm, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Data includes CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peat mesocosms (sampled in May 2011), measured six times from October 2011 to September 2012. Data collected from the second laboratory study between October 2012 and October 2013 focused on identifying the interactive effects of small-scale temperature change and plant functional type legacy effects in peat and litter on decomposition in peatlands, and included litter mass remaining (% of initial litter mass) and respiration rate data from litter bags on peat mesocosms. Peat and litter used in this laboratory study were collected from blanket bog peatland at Black Law Wind Farm, Lanarkshire, Scotland in October 2012. Peat and litter used in both studies were analysed for their biochemical and physical properties. Biochemical and physical properties data for the first laboratory study includes bulk density, pH, total carbon (C) content, total nitrogen (N) content, ratio of C to N, C stock, N stock, total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), total fungal PLFAs, total bacterial PLFAs, ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs, total gram-positive bacterial PLFAs, total gram-negative bacterial PLFAs and ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial PLFAs of peat. Biochemical and physical properties data for the second laboratory study include total carbon (C) content, total nitrogen (N) content and the ratio of C to N for peat and litter. Biochemical and physical data properties for peat and litter were used to better understand the effects of plant functional type legacy on greenhouse gas fluxes and litter decomposition. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e15fbbab-1cdd-4509-81a3-aa050e927dd0

This dataset contains 13C and 15N data for organic soil profiles (organic horizons to top of E horizon) at two of the MOORCO experimental tree planting sites in North East Scotland (Glensaugh and Ballogie). Data also includes total soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and bulk density. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/00acbdb2-1eba-4016-9e50-e3126933a541

The data consists of annual values of soil respiration for plots subjected to climate change manipulations between 1999 and 2016. Data were collected from the climate change field site Climoor that is located in Clocaenog forest, Northeast Wales. The experimental field site consists of three untreated control plots (Plots 3, 6 and 9), three plots where the plant canopy air is artificially warmed during night time hours (Plots 1, 2 and 7) and three plots where rainfall is excluded from the plots at least during the plant growing season (March to September, Plots 4, 5 and 8). Annual soil respiration values were calculated from fortnightly measurements of soil respiration. Soil respiration, milligrammes of Carbon dioxide - C per square metre per hour (mg CO2-C m-2 hr-1) was measured in the same pre-installed opaque soil collars. An infra-red gas analyser was used to measure the Carbon dioxide efflux. Annual soil respiration was calculated as sum of seasonal Carbon dioxide emissions. The Climoor field experiment intends to answer questions regarding the effects of warming and drought on ecosystem processes. Plot level soil respiration measurements are important to investigate soil carbon dynamics and changes in soil carbon cycling and storage under the imposed climatic treatments. More detailed information about the field site, measurements and related datasets can be found in the supporting documentation. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/253aa0a7-1d5a-446c-a5ca-fe2f0f50f6b1