Audible and ultrasound recordings in Panama for the purpose of monitoring bird and bat calls. The recordings were taken across 4 sites in Barro Colorado Island and the Gamboa forest region around sunrise and sunset hours between the 21st and the 26th of January 2023. Audible recordings were made using SM4 song meter, whilst ultrasound was recorded using a SM4BAT song meter. The Parties involved in data collection are listed in the author section. No data are missing. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/eeb7c6dc-2ad8-4375-ad86-523a6e570170

Bird community data from fixed point count stations generated by experienced ornithologists in Borneo and the Wallacean islands of Sulawesi (Buton), Seram, Buru, Talaud and Sangihe. Bird surveys were undertaken between 2016 and 2020, with work on any given island lasting ~3 months, except for Borneo where surveys were undertaken across 3 years (2014 – 2016). Surveys were repeated four times at each site on Sulawesi (Buton), Seram, Buru and once each on Talaud and Sangihe. The dataset comprises the aggregated counts from multiple surveys of the same point count sites, and assigned to individual bird species, landscape and island. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/87f36a61-ca79-40c6-b781-8936ead162cc

This dataset comprises cast reconstructions of brain cavity space in 60 extant avian species, derived from X-ray micro computed-tomography scan image stacks. Each reconstruction was made using Materialise Mimics 14.11 to create volumetric models (brain cavity casts) that were then transformed into the polygon mesh stereolithograph (STL) files archived here. Brain cavity cast models are in most cases accompanied by casts of main vascular features (e.g., carotid arteries) and the olfactory nerves (CN I). A data file (Data_TableComma Separated Values) based on values reported in Table 1 of Walsh et al. (2013: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067176) is included that records volume values used in the original analysis, and coding of cerebellar flocculus morphology. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4e15f483-5b05-409e-acc0-5117fc24e90b

This data set includes longitudinal occurrence of bird species at 36 forest plots – half of which burned during the 2015-16 El Niño drought – distributed across a gradient of prior human disturbance in the Brazilian Amazon. Data was collected in 2010 and 2016 (around 6 years before, and one year after the 2015-16 El Niño, respectively) as part of the projects 'Assessing ENSO-induced Fire Impacts in tropical Rainforest Ecosystems' (AFIRE) and 'Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in degraded and recovering Amazonian and Atlantic Forests' (ECOFOR), within the NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forest (HTMF) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4b05caee-a3c8-46a7-b675-e5a94554bd9f

The data set consists of bird species counts, recorded in 300 1km squares across Wales, collected as part of the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP). The monitoring programme was set up by the Welsh Government in 2013 to monitor the effects of the Glastir agri-environment scheme on the environment and ran from 2013 to 2016. The field survey element was based on a stratified random sampling design of 300 x 1km square sites across Wales, and was managed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/31da0a94-62be-47b3-b76e-4bdef3037360

This dataset comprises MicroCT 3D scans of skulls from Passer sparrows (Passer domesticus, P. hispaniolensis, P. italiae and F1 hybrids) generated during a crossing experiment at the University of Oslo, Norway in 2014/2015. Skulls were scanned with a microCT scanner at the University of Nottingham in 2023. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c75ac806-2968-4bf0-8c72-ed4e0dc2ed7e

Estimated species richness data for valuation of biodiversity across the UK, based on species occurrence records for 11 taxonomic groups (Bees, Birds, Bryophytes, Butterflies, Carabidae, Hoverflies, Isopoda, Ladybirds, Moths, Orthoptera and Vascular plants). UK species occurrence data were collated from the Biological Records Centre (BRC) and the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO). Estimated species richness was calculated across all taxonomic groups for two time periods: 1970-1990 and 2000-2013. The dataset was used to create the "UK ecological status map version 2". Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/6c535793-034d-4c4f-8a00-497315e7d689

This dataset contains bird and butterfly abundance data from field-surveyed transects at Hillesden, UK (2006-2017). Over this time period, Hillesden hosted two five-year experimental manipulations of agri-environmental habitats, alongside monitoring of their impacts on biodiversity and agronomic indicators. This dataset contains data suitable for analysis of ten-year interannual population trends across both 5-year phases of experimental work at Hillesden, and subsequent comparison with equivalent trends derived from equivalent national recording schemes (Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) for birds, Wider Countryside Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (WCBMS) for butterflies). The data thus relate only to transects which were recorded consistently (nine for birds, seven for butterflies), and to species that were present on the majority of transects. This dataset thus represents a subset from the whole Hillesden biological survey dataset for these two groups, and contains maximum annual counts per transect, across monthly visits (April-August) within the permitted time frame from equivalent national recording schemes (BBS for birds, WCBMS for butterflies). Data were collected as part of a project led by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, funded by Defra, with analytical work funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under research programme NE/N018125/1 ASSIST. ASSIST is an initiative jointly supported by NERC and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c8d0ac67-6d47-42b1-af29-2339be8a5d82

These data describe individual behaviour during an experiment investigating chick responses to 3D-printed insect replicas. Data describe chick progress through an initial training period, during which they open lids of small dishes and consume mealworms, and then during a testing trial, in which they approach and open dishes on which were placed 3D-printed insect replicas. Also included are chick growth curves (daily weights in g) for the period of the experiment. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2348b53a-77f7-4293-8060-1a66fe4cea93

This dataset comprises bird abundance data collected using point count methods in Bedford, Luton and Milton Keynes in the summer of 2013. The purpose of the study was to characterise the variation in breeding bird fauna across a range of urban forms. As well as measuring the birds that were 'really' present, the survey aimed to investigate the birds detectable at times of day when people were more active and more likely to have casual encounters with them. These data were collected as part of the Fragments, Functions and Flows in Urban Ecosystem Services (F3UES) project, as part of the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) framework. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c4806e25-5325-4b01-8066-91a8fb55eb41