The Meteorological Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which flew a well-instrumented C-130 Hercules aircraft for atmospheric research purposes. This dataset contains airborne atmospheric and chemistry measurements taken on board the Met Office C-130 Hercules aircraft flight A646 for the UTLS-Ozone Dynamics and Chemistry of Frontal Zones (DCFZ) project. The location of the flight was over the Irish Sea and Wales in the vicinity of the MST radar at Aberystwyth and west of Chilbolton Radar.

The gridded CRU TS (time-series) 3.26 data are month-by-month variations in climate over the period 1901-2017, on high-resolution (0.5x0.5 degree) grids, produced by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia. This version of CRU TS supersedes version 3.25, additionally however these data are superseded by the CRU TS 4.02 data which has a new processing methodology. This concurrent release of CRU TS 3.26 and CRU TS 4.02 is made to support users during the transition to the CRU TS version 4 data. No further releases of version 3 are planned. CRU TS 3.26 variables are cloud cover, diurnal temperature range, frost day frequency, PET, precipitation, daily mean temperature, monthly average daily maximum and minimum temperature, and vapour pressure for the period Jan. 1901 - Dec. 2017. CRU TS 3.26 data were produced using the same methodology as for the 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24.01, 3.26 datasets. This version contains updates the dataset with 2016 data, some new stations have been added for TMP and PRE only. This release is the latest release of the CRU TS data. Known issues predating this release remain. The CRU TS 3.26 data are monthly gridded fields based on monthly observational data, which are calculated from daily or sub-daily data by National Meteorological Services and other external agents. The ASCII and NetCDF data files both contain monthly mean values for the various parameters. All CRU TS output files are actual values - NOT anomalies.

The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) was one of the ten instruments onboard the Envisat satellite launched from Kourou (French Guyana) on the 28th of February 2002 and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) until May 2012. SCIAMACHY measures transmitted, backscattered and reflected radiances from the atmosphere at high resolution (240 to 1700 nm, 2 microns and 2.4 microns). The instrument makes limb and nadir observations that can be combined. Its main objective was to provide global measurements of trace gases in the troposphere and the stratosphere. The data issued by ESA include Level 1B (radiances) and Level 2 (derived quantities) products. They come in a number of versions: a near real time (nrt) version, a consolidated version, result of a first processing by ESA to eliminate bad data and perform a few basic checks, and fully reprocessed versions.

The Met. Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which operated a well instrumented C-130 Hercules (also referred to as Mk.2 Hercules) aircraft for research purposes. The C-130 was in service from 1972 to 2001 and flew over 1800 research sorties. The large capacity and long endurance of this platform made it ideal for atmospheric research in the areas of cloud physics, atmospheric radiation, atmospheric chemistry, satellite activities, mesoscale meteorology and boundary layer studies. The BADC holds data collected by the C-130 during NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) funded flights, such as those made during ACSOE (Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment) and UTLS (Upper Troposphere - Lower Stratosphere) projects. The basic set of measurements include ozone, nitrogen oxides, water vapour, aerosols, wind, position and temperature. These are often supplemented by project specific measurements. The aircraft was able to operate scientifically throughout the troposphere from a minimum altitude of 15 m (50 ft) where permitted, up to a maximum of 10 km. The aircraft had a maximum working flight time of 12 hours. The C-130 was taken out of service in March 2001 and a new joint NERC-Met Office Facility for Airborne Aircraft Measurements (FAAM) was established operating a BAe-146-301 aircraft.

This dataset collection contains data from the ISB52 Improved Air Quality Forecasting project. The aim of the project was to develop a better understanding of air flow within the atmospheric boundary layer by gathering 3-dimensional air flow information using two identical Doppler lidars. The project compared parameters derived from the dual Doppler lidar measurements with inputs used in the UK Met Office air quality forecasting model. Field experiments were undertaken in March 2003 at Malvern and in July 2003 at RAF Northolt, West London, UK.

Cascade was a NERC funded consortium project to study organized convection in the tropical atmosphere using large domain cloud system resolving model simulations. This datset collection contains measurements from atmospheric model runs of the tropics. Within the Cascade project a version of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) at horizontal resolutions of 1.5km - 40km was used Africa, Indian Ocean and West Pacific Ocean. The horizontal resolution allowed the individual cloud systems to simulate the large-scale organization. The combination of the high resolution and large domains allowed the upscale transports of heat, moisture and momentum and investigated the impact of these transports on the evolution of the synoptic and planetary scale systems. Two domains of interest were chosen to represent continental and oceanic convection respectively. Simulations of the West African Monsoon region were used to understand the range of factors which influence the diurnal cycle of convection over complex topography and to identify the impact of the diurnal cycle and other mesoscale organization on the synoptic organization of convection by African Easterly Waves. Simulations of the Indian Ocean and West Pacific Warm Pool were used to investigate the role of mesoscale and synoptic scale organization on the evolution of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the influence of the diurnal cycle (e.g. land-sea breeze circulations) on the maintenance of the climate of the Maritime Continent region. In addition, simulations over an idealized ocean surface were used to investigate the organization of convection by equatorially trapped wave modes.

The Meteorological Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which flew a well-instrumented C-130 Hercules aircraft for atmospheric research purposes. This dataset contains airborne atmospheric and chemistry measurements taken on board the Met Office C-130 Hercules aircraft flight A259 for research purposes.

The gridded Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-series (TS) data version 4.00 data are month-by-month variations in climate over the period 1901-2015, provided on high-resolution (0.5x0.5 degree) grids, produced by CRU at the University of East Anglia. The CRU TS4.00 variables are cloud cover, diurnal temperature range, frost day frequency, potential evapotranspiration (PET), precipitation, daily mean temperature, monthly average daily maximum and minimum temperature, and vapour pressure for the period January 1901 - December 2015. The CRU TS4.00 data were produced using angular-distance weighting (ADW) interpolation. All version 3 releases used triangulation routines in IDL. Please see the release notes for full details of this version update. CRU TS4.00 is a full release, differing only in methodology from the existing current release, v3.24.01. Both are released concurrently to support comparative evaluations between these two versions. The CRU TS4.00 data are monthly gridded fields based on monthly observational data calculated from daily or sub-daily data by National Meteorological Services and other external agents. The ASCII and NetCDF data files both contain monthly mean values for the various parameters. The NetCDF versions contain an additional variable, ’stn’, which provides, for each datum in the main variable, a count (between 0 and 8) of the number of stations used in that interpolation. All CRU TS output files are actual values - NOT anomalies.

The Meteorological Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which flew a well-instrumented C-130 Hercules aircraft for atmospheric research purposes. This dataset contains airborne atmospheric and chemistry measurements taken on board the Met Office C-130 Hercules aircraft flight A445 for research purposes.

The gridded Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-series (TS) data version 4.03 data are month-by-month variations in climate over the period 1901-2018, provided on high-resolution (0.5x0.5 degree) grids, produced by CRU at the University of East Anglia. The CRU TS4.03 variables are cloud cover, diurnal temperature range, frost day frequency, potential evapotranspiration (PET), precipitation, daily mean temperature, monthly average daily maximum and minimum temperature, and vapour pressure for the period January 1901 - December 2018. The CRU TS4.03 data were produced using angular-distance weighting (ADW) interpolation. All version 4 releases used triangulation routines in IDL. Please see the release notes for full details of this version update. The CRU TS4.03 data are monthly gridded fields based on monthly observational data calculated from daily or sub-daily data by National Meteorological Services and other external agents. The ASCII and NetCDF data files both contain monthly mean values for the various parameters. The NetCDF versions contain an additional integer variable, ’stn’, which provides, for each datum in the main variable, a count (between 0 and 8) of the number of stations used in that interpolation. The missing value code for 'stn' is -999. All CRU TS output files are actual values - NOT anomalies.