This dataset contains UK Met Office Daily Weather Reports (DWR) from ten sites from the UK Met Office Monthly Weather Records (1884-1993), using the recently-scanned UK Met Office Monthly Weather Reports (MWR). The data are presented as is, with no attempt to provide any corrections or calibration. Approximately half the stations exhibit sharp drops in thunderdays at various points between 1960 and 1990. Comparison with nearby Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) stations suggests the low thunderdays are the result of changes in observing practice, rather than genuine changes in thunderstorm occurrence. These potential data issues limit interpretation of the long-term trends. DWR contain extensive logs of UK thunderstorm activity, in the form of thunderday observations. To date, only a very small fraction of these data have been digitised as part of the MIDAS dataset, and exclusively after 1950.

Data were collected by UK stations from 1853 until 2000. These data are the Met Office's 'old' Land Surface Observation data and have been superseded by the MIDAS dataset collection. This dataset remains for historic purposes only. The data contain measurements of hourly and daily meteorological values, such as rainfall, sunshine duration, temperature, and wind speed. The MIDAS dataset supersedes this dataset and new users should apply for access to that by following the on-screen instructions. If necessary, you will be able to access this historic dataset once you have been granted access to the MIDAS data. The dataset contains the measurements of the following parameters: Sunshine duration Snow depth Visibility Wind speed and wind direction Temperature Cloud type Past and present weather

Past (observed) climate and future climate scenario projections data that were produced as part of the UK climate projections 2009 (UKCP09) service. The data produced by the UK Met Office providing information on plausible changes in 21st century climate for the UK helping to inform on adaptation to a changing climate. A UKCP09 website provided climate information for the UK and its regions. Through the website user interface climate statistics over the UK could be calculated dynamically. The data that informs these calculations is made available here. UKCP09 provides future climate projections for land and marine regions as well as observed (past) climate data for the UK. Additionally a copy of the projections csv archive is provided. These are zip files of batch processed UKCP09 data outputs. The projections improve upon the previous climate projections (UKCIP 2002) by incorporating more recent scientific understanding, providing data at a higher spatial resolution and providing an approach to dealing with uncertainties through probabilistic projections.

The UK climate projections (UKCP09) comma separated value (CSV) archive consists of probabilistic data for various climate parameters. Two products are available: firstly, zip files of batch processed UKCP09 data outputs that were provided as an alternative to having to generate multiple requests on the UKCP09 website; and, secondly, additional products that were not available under from the UKCP09 website. These are provided as raw data files. List of products: 1. UK Probabilistic Projections of Climate Change over Land: Grouped by - variable and location and - variable and temporal average. 2. UK Probabilistic Projections of Climate Change over Marine Regions: Grouped by - emissions scenario, - location, - temporal average, - time period, - variable, - variable and location and - variable and temporal average. 3. Projections of Trend in Storm Surge for UK Waters: all data is grouped into one file. 4. Projections of Sea Level Rise for UK Waters: Grouped by - emissions scenario, - location and - emissions scenario and location. 5. Global average temperature change values for each time period and emissions scenario: - all cumulative distribution function (CDF) data in a single file - all sampled data in a single file. 6. UK Probabilistic Projections of Climate Change over Land conditioned by a given global average temperature change: Grouped by - probability level and - variable and probability level 7. Spatially Coherent Projections of UK Climate Change over Land: grouped by variable, temporal average and scenario The file naming convention is provided in the documentation.

The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2020. This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. At many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches. Liquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, operated by EUMETSAT (The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), provide almost continuous imagery to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. These include visible, infra-red, water vapour, High Resolution Visible (HRV) images and derived cloud top height, cloud top temperature, fog, snow detection and volcanic ash products. These images are available for a range of geographical areas. This dataset contains high resolution visible images from MSG satellites over the UK area. Imagery available from March 2005 onwards at a frequency of 15 minutes (some are hourly) and are at least 24 hours old. The geographic extent for images within this datasets is available via the linked documentation 'MSG satellite imagery product geographic area details'. Each MSG imagery product area can be referenced from the third and fourth character of the image product name giving in the filename. E.g. for EEAO11 the corresponding geographic details can be found under the entry for area code 'AO' (i.e West Africa).

The UK climate projections 2009 (UKCP09) marine and coastal multi-level ocean projections provide detailed information on the potential future implications of climate change on the marine environment in UK waters. Marine parameters are provided for projections of changes in water temperature, salinity, currents and stability of the water column over a 12km marine grid, for the 30 year time period 2070-2099 (and the baseline period 1961-1990) for the medium emissions scenario (IPCC SRES: A1B). Note: The multi-level ocean projections are based on a single model simulation. In contrast to some other components of UKCP09 these are not probabilistic projections, meaning they do not quantify the range of future changes associated with modelling uncertainties or natural climate variability. More information about the variables and methodology (including assumptions and caveats) are given in Chapter 6 of the Marine & coastal projections report (see linked documentation).

The UK climate projections 2009 (UKCP09) observed climate provides data for a range of climate variables (for example, temperature, pressure, vapour pressure, rainfall, snowfall, sunshine) over the climate averaging period 1961-1990. The observed data is provided over the UK at grid box resolutions of 25km and 5km. The observed data refers to data that has been directly measured and obtained in UK from a network of synoptic observations and weather stations. These data are commonly processed to convert irregularly spaced point observations to a regular grid. The observed climate data can be used both to explore past climate trends, to construct and validate climate models and to provide a baseline to construct climate differences.

The UK soil minimum temperature (1959-1970) data describe daily measurements of bare soil minimum temperatures. The measurements were recorded by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within DLY3208 messages. The data span from 1959 to 1970, but these temperatures have not been reported since 1970.

The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2020. This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. Of particular note, however, is that as well as including data for 2020, historical data recovery has added further data for Eskdalemuir (1914-1944) and Eastbourne (1887-1910). For details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data.