Sediments
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Sediment % coarse fraction (>63 microns), and abundance of fish teeth in coarse fraction. 2016 has been a record breaking year in terms of global temperatures. The high temperatures have resulted from a combination of elevated atmospheric pCO2 coupled with the global impacts of a strong El Nino event. There are many important components of the climate system, and the El Nino phenomenon demonstrates the importance of the low latitude Pacific Ocean. The warm pool of water in the western Pacific Ocean has not always had the same characteristics as it has today, and it has been proposed that its evolution over the past 15 million years has had a major impact on global climate. In order to understand how the warm pool might respond to future climate change, it is important to understand the drivers behind its past evolution. Did it respond simply to the changing shape of ocean basins through time? Or did it respond to other components of the climate system, such as sea level or latitudinal temperature gradients? The changes in warm pool structure may also have impacted the biological ecosystems, and hence the cycling of carbon in this region. The carbon cycle is another key component of the Earth's climate system. Understanding the causes and consequences of these long-term changes in the Pacific warm pool requires a two-pronged approach, using modelling in conjunction with proxy records for different parts of the climate system. This proposal aims to generate some key records of past high latitude temperature and ice volume that can be directly compared with changes in the warm pool through time. These records will be derived from geochemical analyses of microscopic marine fossils collected by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP).
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Activity (dpm/g) of Uranium and thorium isotopes from 3 sediment cores in the North Atlantic: ODP980, ODP983, EW9302-2JPC. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 was drilled in July 1995 in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Feni Drift, off the eastern edge of the Rockall Plateau at 55.49°N, 14.70°W. Hole 980A Position: 55°29.087'N, 14°42.134'W. Hole 980B Position: 55°29.094'N, 14°42.137'W. ODP Site 983 was drilled was drilled in July 1995 and is located on the Bjorn Drift in approximately 1650 m water depth on the eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge. Hole 983A Position: 60°24.200'N, 23°38.437'W. Site EW9302-2JPC, an ODP Site Survey in 1993, of Rockall Plateau and East Flank of Reykjanes Ridge from the Flemish Cap in the south- eastern Labrador Sea (Figure 1). EW9302-2JPC Position: 4847.700 N, 4505.090 W, taken at water depth 1251m.
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Thermal and Alternating Field demagnetisation data from Carboniferous-age rock material from Cumbria and the Scottish Borders sampled in 2017. This data is divided into multiple four letter coded sections which refer to a specific locality and/or experiment type. BORD are alternating field demagnetisation results on volcanic material from the Scottish Borders, 330 million years old, sampled in the summer of 2017, carried out by Dr Courtney Sprain. BORR are thermal demagnetisation results on volcanic material from Burnmouth Harbour, Longhoughton Beach, Pease Bay, Joppa Shore, Sugar Sands Bay and Ross Beach in the Scottish Borders, 330 million years old, sampled in the summer of 2017, carried out by Dr Courtney Sprain. CMBR are thermal demagnetisation results on rock material from around Cumbria, 330 million years old, and sampled in Spring 2017, sampled and carried out by Dr Courtney Sprain and Dr Mark Hounslow. CUMB are alternating field demagnetisation results on rock material from around Cumbria, 330 million years old, and sampled in spring 2017, sampled and carried out by Dr Courtney Sprain and Dr Mark Hounslow.
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Data are either (1) depths and spacings between stylolites and faults within Unit IV, (2) images from IODP drill core image logs of the locations of samples observed, (3) photomicrographs and flatbed thin section scans of thin sections cut from samples, (4) SEM BSE or EDS data collected at Cardiff University. These data form the basis of: Leah et al. "Brittle-ductile strain localisation and weakening in pelagic sediments seaward of the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand", Tectonics, Submitted. Images and data from samples collected at IODP Expedition 375 Site U1520 (38°58.1532'S, 179°7.9112'E, 3522.1 mbsl). This is just seaward (east) of the trench of the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand.
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Data collected as part of the NERC funded Radioactivity and the Environment (RATE), Long-lived Radionuclides in the Surface Environment (Lo-RISE), research consortium.This data comes from the marine workstream group based at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) and the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS). The data consists of radionuclide measurements of environmental and biological samples including radiocarbon, caesium (137), americium (241) and plutonium (238, 239, 240).The data has been published in the following publications: Tierney et al., 2018. Modelling Marine Trophic Transfer of Radiocarbon (14C) from a Nuclear Facility. Ecosystem Modelling and Software 102, 138-154. Tierney et al., 2017. Nuclear Reprocessing-Related Radiocarbon (14C) Uptake into UK Marine Mammals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 124, 43-50. Muir et al., 2017. Ecosystem Uptake and Transfer of Sellafield-Derived Radiocarbon (14C). Part 1: The Irish Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 114, 792-804. Tierney et al., 2017. Ecosystem Uptake and Transfer of Sellafield-Derived Radiocarbon (14C). Part 2: The West of Scotland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 115, 57-66 Tierney et al., 2016. Accumulation of Sellafield-derived 14C in Irish Sea and West of Scotland Intertidal Shells and Sediments. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 151, 321-327.
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The potential for leakage of CO2 from a storage reservoir into the overlying marine sediments and into the water column and the impacts on benthic ecosystems are major challenges The potential for leakage of CO2 from a storage reservoir into the overlying marine sediments and into the water column and the impacts on benthic ecosystems are major challenges associated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in subseafloor reservoirs. To investigate the consequences of CO2 leakage for the marine environment, a field-scale controlled CO2 release experiment was conducted in shallow, unconsolidated marine sediments. Changes of the chemical composition of the sediments, their pore waters and overlying water column were monitored before, during and up to 1 year after the 37-day long CO2 release from May 2012 to May 2013. In particular this focused on changes in the solid phase (physical properties, major and minor elemental composition, inorganic and organic carbon content), the pore water chemical composition (cations, anions, nutrients and the carbonate system parameters total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and isotopic signature of DIC) and the water column chemical composition (oxygen, nutrients, total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon). This dataset was collected by the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) under the program QICS (Quantifying and monitoring environmental impacts of geological carbon storage) which was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with support from the Scottish Government. The results are contained in an Excel file. QICS project website: www.bgs.ac.uk/qics/home.html. Lichtschlag et al. (2014) Effect of a controlled sub-seabed release of CO2 on the biogeochemistry of shallow marine sediments, their pore waters, and the overlying water column, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750583614003090 (doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.10.008).
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The Marine Photographs Archive held by BGS includes photographs of hydrocarbon well and (non-hydrocarbon) marine boreholes, cores and other samples. There are also photographs of the seabed and survey operations. The photos are primarily for the UKCS (United Kingdom Continental Shelf) and surrounding areas and date from the 1970s onwards. The photographs, which are a mix of prints, negatives and digital are applicable to a wide range of uses including environmental, geotechnical and geological studies. There are also some x-rays of cores.