This dataset contains information about the luminescence signals measured from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores across four time periods: the last 500 years (537 to -47 cal BP), the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (44,828 to 35,550 cal BP), the limit of varves (73,130 to 69,413 yr BP) and glacial termination I (139,499 to 118,001 yr BP). Sampling intervals varied between time periods (see supporting documentation for more information). The luminescence signals were quantified using Portable Optically Stimulated Luminescence (POSL) analysis of bulk sediment using blue light and infrared exposures, and laboratory profiling analysis of prepared quartz fine fractions (using blue light exposures) and polymineral fine fractions (using blue light and infrared exposures). This data was collected to determine if these methods could be used to detect past catchment environmental change. Alongside this dataset, we estimated dose rate at six points across the four time periods studied using elemental concentrations. This data was collected to see if the luminescence signals measured from the Lake Suigetsu cores could be used to determine burial age. The work was supported by the NERC IAPETUS2 Doctoral Training Partnership. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/73ee6512-a7c6-464c-bae0-38862ab8b87a

This dataset contains information about the compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of n-alkanoic acids with 26, 28 and 30 carbon atoms. The samples originated from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores. Data is provided at an approximately ~60 year resolution from 132.7 ka BP to 125.2 ka BP (n = 60). To accompany this data, the mass-normalised concentrations of key n-alkane and n-alkanoic acids are provided, alongside n-alkane index values. This data was collected to infer changes to the Lake Suigetsu catchment and the East Asian Summer Monsoon during Glacial Termination II. This work was supported by the Quaternary Research Association, the Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, Environment and Society, the School of Geographical and Earth Science (University of Glasgow) and the NERC IAPETUS2 Doctoral Training Partnership. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e3ebeca1-ce57-40f9-8237-85d8aa543ff8

This dataset includes sediment trap, sediment core and loss-on-ignition to total organic carbon measurements from a PhD research project at Rostherne Mere in Cheshire. These data were collected to show the relationship between the changing nutrient loads and subsequent organic carbon burial over the last 120 years. The sediment trap data cover the period from May 2010 to August 2016, while the sediment core was taken in September 2011 and has been 210Pb dated to circa 1360AD. All data is presented for date, loss-on-ignition (LOI) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), with sediment trap data converted into net flux measurements and sediment core data calculated for net sedimentation rate following 210Pb dating. The conversion from LOI to total organic carbon was measured using mass spectrometry and applied to the trap and core data. The work was carried out as part of a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded PhD [grant number NE/L002493/1], with part of the work also funded by the NERC small grant [grant number NE/H011978/1]. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/8616c1a0-6c6d-441c-9b10-8464dc4ee346

This dataset contains information about the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of bulk diatom silica, and the compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of n-alkanoic acids with different chain lengths. Samples originated from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores. Data is provided on an approximately centennial (100-year) resolution from 22,040 cal BP to 9,980 cal BP (n = 120). To accompany this data, the mass-normalised total lipid extract and n-alkanoic acid concentrations of key chain length n-alkanoic acids are provided. This data was collected to infer changes to the East Asian Winter Monsoon and East Asian Summer Monsoon during Glacial Termination I. This work was supported by the National Environmental Isotope Facility (grant number 2308.0920) and the NERC IAPETUS2 Doctoral Training Partnership. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/aaf7d914-7208-41ea-89a6-128048bd99f2

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core NBP9802-04 (-64.20 degN, -170.08 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 56 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core PC509 (-68.31 degN, -86.03 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC287 (-60.31 degN, -36.65 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC288 (-59.14 degN, -37.96 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC290 (-55.55 degN, -45.02 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 56 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core U1361A (-64.41 oN, 143.89 oE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1