The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). Prior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent. Although the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. For more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). From 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation. These static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. Urbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time. This dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values. For mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values. For mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). From 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation. These static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. Urbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time. This dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). Prior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent. Although the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. For more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The HADRT2.1 data are global monthly fields of radiosonde temperature anomalies at standard pressure levels on a 5 degree latitude by 10 degree longitude grid from 1958 to July 2004. Anomalies are calculated with respect to 1971-1990 climatology. Anomalies are available for 9 standard levels (850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 150, 100, 50, 30hPa) as well as tropospheric (850 - 300hPa) and stratospheric (150 - 30hPa) averages. The data are degree Celsius anomalies from 1970-1990 means. Anomalies are calculated for each of about 200 sonde stations worldwide and grid values derived from these. HADRT2.1 is as HadRT2.0 but with bias corrections made to many station time series world-wide. The adjustments were calculated by reference to MSU data products, but only for known changes in instrumental or operational procedures for the period post 1979. No data are available for the 30hPa level in this version. This dataset has been superseded by the HadAT dataset also available from CEDA.

HadAT Uncertainty estimates are only available on seasonal products and up until the end of 2002.