This dataset includes data collected as part of the Abrupt Changes in Ecosystem Services (ACES) project on the composition, income (including consumption and sale of environmental resources), ownership of assets (e.g. farming equipment, household furnishings and own transport) and wellbeing of respondent households in rural Mozambique. Data are also included from a participatory wealth ranking exercise carried out in each village. Data were collected in a total of 27 villages: 7 villages in Mabalane District in Gaza Province, 10 villages in Gurué District in Zambezia Province and 10 villages in Marrupa District in Niassa Province. Data collection was carried out in 2014 and 2015, using a one-off environmentally-augmented household income and assets survey administered by enumerators in the locally appropriate language. The objective of the ACES project was to explore interactions between woodland change, ecosystem services and wellbeing in rural Mozambican households. The study used a space-for-time substitution approach, with villages in each district chosen to represent different points on gradients of land use intensity with respect to the dominant land use types in each district (charcoal production in Mabalane, commercial agriculture in Gurué and subsistence agriculture in Marrupa). Data were collected primarily by researchers based in the School of Geosciences at the University of Edinburgh and at the University of Eduardo Mondlane in Mozambique. All the data collected using the household survey are included in this dataset barring those data which would compromise the anonymity of respondents, such as the names and household coordinates of those interviewed. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/6d94d084-6c9d-4f81-8a3f-0b82de827858

The data set contains fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) from Whim peatbog in central Scotland, measured using chamber methods. A nitrogen deposition experiment was carried out at the site, where nitrogen was applied in different forms (ammonium, nitrate, and ammonia) at doses from zero to ~100 kg N per ha per year. Flux measurements were made over a six month period starting at the end of March, 2012. The experiment was begun in 2002 under the NERC Global Nitrogen Enrichment (GaNE) programme, and continued under various funding sources. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7c1dd26a-5df5-4b90-854b-70d0d97eb78a

Data comprise scores (from 0 to 5) of examples of cultural ecosystem services provided by cockles from Portugal, Spain, France, Ireland and the UK. All data were collected using an a priori framework to classify evidenced examples of services during a face-to-face workshop held in Vigo in north-west Spain, 10th April 2018, with 28 participants from eleven organisations. The workshop was followed up over the following months by smaller country-specific meetings, mostly held by teleconference call or video call and by email. The data were collected as part of a research and industry collaboration, under the COCKLES project ‘Co-operation for restoring cockle shellfisheries and its ecosystem services in the Atlantic Area’, co-funded through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/a924f41c-ae29-427c-8113-aebe6bc2d349

The data consist of observations of cover of plant species in permanent quadrats in a nitrogen deposition experiment on a peat bog. The experiment was located at Whim Moss in central Scotland, between 2002 and 2016. Recording of cover was by visual assessment in 40 x 40 cm quadrats. The experiment was designed to look at the change in vegetation composition with different rates of deposition of nitrogen in different forms (ammonia, ammonium, and nitrate). This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/65ecd65f-e518-4cf5-85bf-7d93e66fdb96

The data consist of species level descriptions of macroinvertebrate communities from the Conwy catchment in Wales, UK, sampled over three years between 2008 and 2010. The water bodies studied are tributary streams of the river Conwy, Wales, UK. Sampling took place in November of each year. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using a 1 mm kick net following the RIVPACS (River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System) field protocol. Site variables (depth, width, velocity, substrate cover, macrophyte cover) were also recorded and are supplied as supporting information. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/fbbf2775-2f4d-478b-b59e-38aeaafaf67c

Data comprise causal diagrams which show links between aspects that influence the well-being of rural inhabitants (e.g. good quality of food, good family relationships, education, etc) with ecosystem services (e.g. food from trees, wood sticks for construction, firewood, wood for charcoal production, etc.) and their causes (e.g. change in land use) in rural Mozambique. Information was gathered at 20 workshops held in Maputo, Xai Xai, Lichinga, Quelimane, and at village level in the districts of Mabalane, Marrupa and Gurue in 2014 and 2015. The objective of the workshops was to examine aspects that influence well-being and their causes in the miombo woodland area of rural Mozambique. One of the objectives of the project was to construct Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) to model future land use change scenarios in rural Mozambique using a participatory approach, to evaluate the consequences of deforestation in the well-being of the rural population. The data were collected as part of the Abrupt Changes in Ecosystem Services and Wellbeing in Mozambican Woodlands (ACES) project and were funded by the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme, funded by NERC, the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Department for International Development (DfID), the three are government organizations from UK. The project was led by the University of Edinburgh, with the collaboration of the Universidad Mondlane, the IIED, and other organizations. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/14622c4b-8bd4-4624-8ea6-35da7da211cd

This dataset comprises bird abundance data collected using point count methods in Bedford, Luton and Milton Keynes in the summer of 2014. The purpose of the study was to characterise the variation in breeding bird fauna across a range of urban forms. The data were collected as part of the Fragments, Functions and Flows in Urban Ecosystem Services (F3UES) project, as part of the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) framework. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e7ab3cd1-98fe-4ac4-ad44-e66aad3f2b74

The data comprises of two datasets. The first consists of text files of anonymised transcripts from focus group discussions (FGDs) on livelihood activities, ecosystem services and the prevalent human and animal health problems in irrigated and non-irrigated areas in northeastern Kenya. The second comprises of scores from proportional piling exercises which showed the distribution of wealth categories and livestock species kept. The study was conducted between August and October, 2013 and the data were collected as open-ended meeting notes and audio clips captured using digital recorders. Written/thumb print consent was always obtained from each individual in the group. All the discussions were also recorded, with the participant's permission. Thirteen FGDs were held in the irrigated areas in Bura and Hola, Tana River County involving farmers who grew a variety of crops for subsistence and commercial purposes. The others were held in Ijara and Sangailu, Garissa County inhabited by transhumance pastoralists. Each group comprised of 10 to 12 people and the discussions were guided by a check list. The transcribed documents were formatted in Microsoft Word (2013) and saved as text files in preparation for analysis. The aim of the study was to collate perceptions of land use change and their effects on ecosystem services. The data were collected by enumerators trained by experienced researchers from the University of Nairobi and the International Livestock Research Institute (Kenya). This dataset is part of a wider research project, the Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium (DDDAC). The research was funded by NERC project NE-J001570-1 with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation Programme (ESPA). Additional funding was provided by the CGIAR Research Program Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4f569d73-30c5-4b12-bca7-8901fb567594

This dataset includes polygons representing ecosystem types (ET) and their respective ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (EDS) in the Luanhe River Basin, with attributes recording 14 ecosystem types (ET), 11 provisioning services (PS), ten regulating services (RS), five cultural services (CS), 7 Ecological integrity indicators (EI), and 11 ecosystem disservices (EDS). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2252d8a4-0ef3-403f-b2c3-3f7acbcac1d5

The data consists of raw data on measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide concentration (N2O) concentrations from intact soil topsoil (0-15 cm) and subsoil cores (85-100 cm) to added carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Four land uses (Bog, acid grassland, improved grassland and arable field) in North Wales were selected for this study with three replicates each. Intact soil cores were taken in January and February in 2014. The data consists of three datasets. The first dataset contains the measured CO2 concentration that was measured from intact topsoil cores (0-15 cm) as a result of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus additions form a pilot study. For the pilot study intact topsoil cores were taken in November and December in 2013 from three sites. a Podzol, a coniferous forest soil and a grassland soil. These sites were not in the Conwy Catchment. The pilot study results were used to inform the experimental setup for the main experiment. The data from the main experiment, measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide concentration (N2O), are reported in the second dataset for intact topsoil and subsoil cores. The third dataset contains nitrogen mineralization data from the intact soil cores that were used as control cores and did not receive any carbon or nutrient additions. The dataset contains measurements on soil nitrate, ammonium and total nitrogen mineralization rates in milligrammes of nitrogen per gramme of dry weight or per gramme of organic matter content. In both the experimental datasets, the weight of the soil cores at field capacity (in grammes) was reported and weight loss was adjusted by adding an artificial rain water solution. The incubation time (in minutes), the measured CO2 and N2O concentrations (in part per million = ppm) were recorded at the beginning and the end of the incubation. Total soil dry weight per soil core (in grammes) and the total weight of soil organic matter (loss on ignition, in grammes) are reported. The data were collected to calculate production of Measurements were undertaken by staff from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. The data were collected to link plant and soil nutrients to aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes to incorporate relevant parameters into the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) model. This data was collected for the NERC project 'The Multi-Scale Response of Water quality, Biodiversity and Carbon Sequestration to Coupled Macronutrient Cycling from Source to Sea' (NE/J011991/1). The project is also referred to as Turf2Surf. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0c17a041-8852-4800-9c04-2ab2dd858837