Geological fieldwork was carried out in the Hudson Mountains during the 2005/6 and 2019/20 Antarctic summers to help understand the glacial history of the Pine Island Glacier region of West Antarctica. To accurately determine the crystallisation age of a suite of granitoid glacial erratics, we conducted a detailed analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology. The dataset here provides U-Pb zircon geochronology data for 10 rock samples, collected from the Hudson Mountains. The data were collected in November 2024 at University College London. The analyses were conducted by Andrew Carter (University College London). This work was funded by NERC grant (NE/S006710/1) to Joanne Johnson.

The dataset comprises of chronostratigraphic data from the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. The data consists of Radiocarbon (C-14) ages, which were obtained by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating of marine mollusc shells, terrestrial mosses and seaweed layers embedded in sediments, and Cosmogenic Helium-3 (He-3) nuclide surface exposure dating (CSED). The data have been used to constrain deglaciation and climate-glacier dynamics on the Fildes Peninsula. Data collected in this study were funded by: Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), the Direccion Nacional del Antartico/Instituto Antartico Argentino (DNA/IAA) in the framework of the Project PICTA, 2011 - 0102, IAA "Geomorfologia y Geologia Glaciar del Archipielago James Ross e Islas Shetland del Sur, Sector Norte de la Peninsula Antartica"; the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) research program Polar regions and Coasts in a changing Earth System (PACES II); IMCONet (FP7 IRSES, action no. 318718); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC/BAS-CGS Grant no.81); the NERC/BAS science programmes CACHE-PEP: Natural climate variability - extending the Americas palaeoclimate transect through the Antarctic Peninsula to the pole and GRADES-QWAD: Quaternary West Antarctic Deglaciations. We thank the crews of the Argentine research station "Carlini''" and the adjoined German Dallmann-Labor (AWI) Laboratory, the Uruguayan research station "Artigas", the Russian Bellingshausen Station, the Chinese Great Wall Station, Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Brazilian Navy Almirante Maximiano, the UK Navy HMS Endurance and NERC/BAS James Clark Ross for logistical support during the 2006, 2011, 2014 and 2015 field seasons.

This dataset consists of measurements of cosmogenic 10Be in quartz from a set of erratic cobbles collected from the surfaces of nunataks in West Antarctica. The cobbles were collected during the 2019-20 Antarctic field season from the Hudson Mountains, which are situated adjacent to Pine Island Glacier. The dataset includes cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) exposure ages and all field (sample locations and elevations) and analytical laboratory (quartz and beryllium carrier masses, Be-10/Be-9 ratios) data for field samples and procedural blanks required to calculate the ages. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: Grants NE/S006710/1, NE/S006753/1, and NE/S00663X/1) and National Science Foundation (NSF: Grant OPP 2317097). Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Centre for Accelerator Science award AP12872, through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).

This dataset contains geomorphological data (measurements of size, shape, long axis orientation and weathering characteristics) on 90 erratic cobbles collected from the Hudson Mountains in West Antarctica. These were collected during three field campaigns, as follows: 1) 75 erratic cobbles collected by Joanne S Johnson during a British Antarctic Survey-supported geological field campaign undertaken in November-December 2019, as part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (funded by NERC and NSF). 2) 13 cobbles collected by James A Smith (British Antarctic Survey) in February and March 2010 during RV Polarstern cruise ANT XXVI/3, and 3) a further two cobbles collected in March 2006 by Johnson during RV Polarstern cruise ANT XXIII/4. These cobbles were all collected for surface exposure dating. Funding: NERC grant: NE/S006710/1

The dataset contains depth information (in meters) for pixels of subglacial overdeepenings with an area of 10000 m2 or larger, across five regions: Alaska, European Alps, New Zealand Southern Alps, the Central Himalayas, and the Peruvian Andes. These overdeepenings were derived by subtracting ice thickness data from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that describe the surface topography. Five ice thickness models were used for all regions: Farinotti''s Ensemble, GlabTop2, Huss and Farinotti were downloaded from Farinotti et al., (2019). OGGM''s ice thickness was downloaded from Farinotti et al., 2019 for all regions except for the Himalayas where it was generated by keeping the default same. Millan''s ice thickness was downloaded from Millan et al., (2022). The primary DEM used was the ALOS PALSAR DEM. For Central Himalayas, in addition to ALOS PALSAR, three other DEMs were used: ASTER, SRTM, and Copernicus. NERC standard grant NE/S013318/1.

This dataset consists of measurements of cosmogenic 10Be in quartz from a set of 41 erratic cobbles and boulders collected from the surfaces of nunataks in West Antarctica. The erratics were collected during the 2019-20 Antarctic field season from the Hudson Mountains, which are situated immediately to the north of Pine Island Glacier. The samples in this dataset were collected from nunataks (Webber Nunatak, Mount Moses, Slusher Nunatak, Dean Nunataks, Wold Nunatak, and Siren Rock) located adjacent to Larter and Lucchitta glaciers which dissect the area. The dataset includes cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) exposure ages and all field (sample locations and elevations) and analytical laboratory (quartz and beryllium carrier masses, 10Be/9Be ratios) data for field samples and procedural blanks required to calculate the exposure ages. This project was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: Grants NE/S006710/1, NE/S006753/1, and NE/S00663X/1) and National Science Foundation (NSF: Grant OPP 2317097). Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Centre for Accelerator Science award AP12872, through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).

200+ erratic and bedrock samples were collected for cosmogenic isotope analysis, as well as several depth profiles of tills. Samples were collected from 11 sites along a 350km transect stretching from Pirrit Hills in the south to the ridge between Mt Bentley and Mt Hubley in the north. Most sites were on the western (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) side of the range but includes Flowers Hills on the east side of the range, adjacent to the Rutford Ice Stream. Throughout, the emphasis was on taking samples to allow dating of any changes in ice altitude/extent.

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cosmogenic isotopes were made from erratic and bedrock samples collected in the Ellsworth Mountains, 2005-2006. Pressed AMS targets were analysed at SUERC (Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre) to yield exposure ages.

Ice sheet model runs based on the Glimmer thermo-mechanical ice sheet model. Glacial modelling was used to simulate former WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) dynamics (specifically grounding line and ice volume changes) in the Weddell Sea embayment, constrained by newly acquired field data (see related datasets).

Glacial geomorphological data from the Ellsworth Mountains, Weddell Sea embayment. Satellite imagery and aerial photography, ground truthing, surveying and GPS traverses were used for geomorphological mapping. Additional photographic and weathering data were used to complement the field work. The project resulted in one of the most detailed geomorphological studies of any part of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet), as well as the most comprehensive coverage for cosmogenic isotope analysis.