This dataset contains raw mechanical measurements of standard uniaxial tests in 1) tension; 2) compression; 3) compression with creep deformation (load hold); 4) compression with creep and mechanical oscillations. The data is used by Schaefer et al., 2023, (https://doi.org/10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.10). Experiments consisted of 1) standard Uniaxial Compressive strength tests; 2) Brazilian tensile strength tests; 3) Creep tests in compression and tension; 4) Creep and mechanical oscillations tests in compression and tension. For experiments in 1 in compression, a rock cylinder of 20x40 mm (diameter x height) is loaded at a constant deformation rate in a uniaxial press, for each test type until 1) failure; 3) a target stress that is then held constant for 5h before moving to a different target stress and repeating the process; and 4) to a target stress that is then held for 30 mins before inducing stress oscillations for 40 minutes. The stress is then held constant at the end of oscillations for another 30 mins. Target stresses corresponded to 50; 60 and 70% of the average compressive strength measured in test type 1. For experiments in 1), 3) and 4) in tension, a rock disc of 40x20 mm (diameter x height) is loaded at a constant deformation rate in a uniaxial press under the same stressing configurations as in compression. More details of the methods can be found in the publication Schaefer et al., 2023. Volcanic domes and edifices are inherently unstable owing to their structure and rapid emplacement/growth, further enhanced by both mechanical and thermal variations due to the movement of magma. Understanding the long-term mechanical response and fatigue of their rock constituents is thus key to understanding their stability. Experimental datasets can help quantify the amount of deformation that rocks can sustain before failure, helping us to understand possible rock failure events at larger scale at volcanoes. All data were collected at the University of Liverpool and analysed at the University of Liverpool, UK, at the USGS, USA and LMU Munich, Germany. All samples were collected at Unzen volcano, Japan. Experiments and data analysis were carried in 2021 and 2022.

This work presents a detailed three-dimensional finite element based model for wave propagation, combined with a postprocessing procedure to determine the fracture intensity caused by blasting. The data generated during this project includes output files of all simulations with detailed fields, geometries and meshes. The model incorporates the Johnson-Holmquist-2 constitutive model, which is designed for brittle materials undergoing high strain rates and high pressures and fracturing, and a tensile failure model. Material heterogeneity is introduced into the model through variation of the material properties at the element level, ensuring jumps in strain. The algorithm for the combined Johnson-Holmquist-2 and tensile failure model is presented and is demonstrated to be energy-conserving, with an open-source MATLABTM implementation of the model. A range of sub-scale numerical experiments are performed to validate the modelling and postprocessing procedures, and a range of materials, explosive waves and geometries are considered to demonstrate the model's predictive capability quantitatively and qualitatively for fracture intensity. Fracture intensities on 2D planes and 3D volumes are presented. The mesh dependence of the method is explored, demonstrating that mesh density changes maintain similar results and improve with increasing mesh quality. Damage patterns in simulations are self-organising, forming thin, planar, fracture-like structures that closely match the observed fractures in the experiments. The presented model is an advancement in realism for continuum modelling of blasts as it enables fully three-dimensional wave interaction, handles damage due to both compression and tension, and relies only on measurable material properties. The uploaded data are the specific simulation outputs for four explosion models occurring on two different rock types, and the specific fracture patterns generated.