The Met Office's research unit based in Cardington, Bedfordshire, study boundary-layer meteorology and surface processes to help with the development of numerical weather prediction methods. Surface meteorological data and high resolution radiosonde data are collected from the Met Office's research site and elsewhere. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology and radiation measurements timed at 1, 10 and 30 minute intervals and measured by instruments mounted on 10, 25 and 50 metre masts.

The Met Office's research unit based in Cardington, Bedfordshire, study boundary-layer meteorology and surface processes to help with the development of numerical weather prediction methods. Surface meteorological data and high resolution radiosonde data are collected from the Met Office's research site and elsewhere. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology and radiation measurements timed at 1, 10 and 30 minute intervals and measured by instruments mounted on 10, 25 and 50 metre masts.

The Met Office's research unit based in Cardington, Bedfordshire, study boundary-layer meteorology and surface processes to help with the development of numerical weather prediction methods. These are used in a number of ways including the development of physical parameterisation schemes. Surface meteorological data and high resolution radiosonde data are collected from the Met Office's research site and elsewhere. The dataset collection contains recorded surface measurements timed at 1, 10 and 30 minute intervals and measured by instruments mounted on the surface, 10, 25 and 50 metre masts. Radiosonde data are available at various locations depending on the deployment of the equipment. The facility continuously operates a comprehensive suite of surface, sub-surface, mast and tethered balloon mounted instrumentation. Various items of instrumentation, as well as the radiosonde and tethered balloon equipment, can also be deployed elsewhere in support of off-base measurement campaigns.

This repository provides a continuous hydrometeorological record of the Met Office Observation-based research Boundary Layer Facility at the semi-rural field site (18 Ha) of Cardington (52° 06′ N, 00° 25′ W, 29 m ± 1 m amsl) in central-southern England between 2004 and 2024. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology, radiation and subsoil from sensor measurements at 10-minute averaging period and measured by instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts. Instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts include: • Vector Instruments T302 PRT temperature sensors were located at all heights. • Screened and aspirated HMP155s were located at all heights. • Gill HS50 3-D horizontally symmetric ultrasonic anemometers were located at all heights. • Licor Li-7500 open-path hygrometer was located at 10m. • Setra Model 270 transducer measured barometric pressure at 1.5 m. • Michell chilled mirror hygrometer measured dew and frost point temperature at 1.2 m • Covariances over 10 minute intervals were used to calculate the turbulent heat fluxes. The sonic data have cross-wind speed correction, coordinate rotation, detrending and despiking applied. • For latent heat flux calculations over 10 minute intervals, the 10-m covariance using the Licor hygrometer should be used as standard. Surface instrumentation includes: • Rainfall is measured with a Met Office Mk5 tipping-bucket gauge with a 0.2 mm accuracy. • Screened and aspirated Rotronics Hydroclip2 measured grass canopy air temperature and RH located at 0.4 m, 0.15 m and 0.08 m. Radiation instrumentation includes: • Clear-domed Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometers located at 2 m measured global downwelling, diffuse downwelling, and upwelling components (of wavelength between 0.3-3 μm). • Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometers located at 2 m measured the downwelling and upwelling longwave radiation (4.5–40 μm). • Grass canopy, or skin temperature was measured radiometrically with the Heitronics KT15 pyrometer. Aerosol and visibility instrumentation includes: • A Belfort 6230A instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility) (2004-April 2011). • A Biral HSS VPF-730 instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility), and for the determination of present weather (April 2011-2024). • Visible total scattering coefficients were measured with MRI integrating nephelometer (2004-2011) and Optec integrating nephelometer (2011-2024) located at 3 m. Subsoil instrumentation includes: • Delta-T ML2/ML3 theta probes measured volumetric soil moisture at depths of 10, 22, 57 and 160 cm. • Delta-T PRT measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (2004-March 2012). • Delta-T ST2-396 thermistor probes measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (March 2012-2024). • Hukseflux HFP01SC flux plate measured ground heat flux. • Druck 1830 pressure transducer measured water table depth. A full list of NetCDF variables can be found in "Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004-2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK." Osborne et al. ESSD (2025). This paper should be referenced in any research/publications pertaining to this dataset. To ensure optimal traceability and transparency of data, comprehensive metadata is included.

This repository provides a continuous hydrometeorological record of the Met Office Observation-based research Boundary Layer Facility at the semi-rural field site (18 Ha) of Cardington (52° 06′ N, 00° 25′ W, 29 m ± 1 m amsl) in central-southern England between 2004 and 2024. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology, radiation and subsoil from sensor measurements at 30 minute averaging period and measured by instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts. Instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts include: • Vector Instruments T302 PRT temperature sensors were located at all heights. • Screened and aspirated HMP155s were located at all heights. • Gill HS50 3-D horizontally symmetric ultrasonic anemometers were located at all heights. • Licor Li-7500 open-path hygrometer was located at 10m. • Setra Model 270 transducer measured barometric pressure at 1.5 m. • Michell chilled mirror hygrometer measured dew and frost point temperature at 1.2 m • Covariances over 30 minute intervals were used to calculate the turbulent heat fluxes. The sonic data have cross-wind speed correction, coordinate rotation, detrending and despiking applied. • For latent heat flux calculations over 30 minute intervals, the 10-m covariance using the Licor hygrometer should be used as standard. Surface instrumentation includes: • Rainfall is measured with a Met Office Mk5 tipping-bucket gauge with a 0.2 mm accuracy. • Screened and aspirated Rotronics Hydroclip2 measured grass canopy air temperature and RH located at 0.4 m, 0.15 m and 0.08 m. Radiation instrumentation includes: • Clear-domed Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometers located at 2 m measured global downwelling, diffuse downwelling, and upwelling components (of wavelength between 0.3-3 μm). • Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometers located at 2 m measured the downwelling and upwelling longwave radiation (4.5–40 μm). • Grass canopy, or skin temperature was measured radiometrically with the Heitronics KT15 pyrometer. Aerosol and visibility instrumentation includes: • A Belfort 6230A instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility) (2004-April 2011). • A Biral HSS VPF-730 instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility), and for the determination of present weather (April 2011-2024). • Visible total scattering coefficients were measured with MRI integrating nephelometer (2004-2011) and Optec integrating nephelometer (2011-2024) located at 3 m. Subsoil instrumentation includes: • Delta-T ML2/ML3 theta probes measured volumetric soil moisture at depths of 10, 22, 57 and 160 cm. • Delta-T PRT measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (2004-March 2012). • Delta-T ST2-396 thermistor probes measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (March 2012-2024). • Hukseflux HFP01SC flux plate measured ground heat flux. • Druck 1830 pressure transducer measured water table depth. A full list of NetCDF variables can be found in "Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004-2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK." Osborne et al. ESSD (2025). This paper should be referenced in any research/publications pertaining to this dataset. To ensure optimal traceability and transparency of data, comprehensive metadata is included.

This repository provides a continuous hydrometeorological record of the Met Office Observation-based research Boundary Layer Facility at the semi-rural field site (18 Ha) of Cardington (52° 06′ N, 00° 25′ W, 29 m ± 1 m amsl) in central-southern England between 2004 and 2024. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology, radiation and subsoil from sensor measurements at 5 minute averaging period and measured by instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts. Instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts include: • Vector Instruments T302 PRT temperature sensors were located at all heights. • Screened and aspirated HMP155s were located at all heights. • Gill HS50 3-D horizontally symmetric ultrasonic anemometers were located at all heights. • Licor Li-7500 open-path hygrometer was located at 10m. • Setra Model 270 transducer measured barometric pressure at 1.5 m. • Michell chilled mirror hygrometer measured dew and frost point temperature at 1.2 m Surface instrumentation includes: • Rainfall is measured with a Met Office Mk5 tipping-bucket gauge with a 0.2 mm accuracy. • Screened and aspirated Rotronics Hydroclip2 measured grass canopy air temperature and RH located at 0.4 m, 0.15 m and 0.08 m. Radiation instrumentation includes: • Clear-domed Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometers located at 2 m measured global downwelling, diffuse downwelling, and upwelling components (of wavelength between 0.3-3 μm). • Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometers located at 2 m measured the downwelling and upwelling longwave radiation (4.5–40 μm). • Grass canopy, or skin temperature was measured radiometrically with the Heitronics KT15 pyrometer. Aerosol and visibility instrumentation includes: • A Belfort 6230A instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility) (2004-April 2011). • A Biral HSS VPF-730 instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility), and for the determination of present weather (April 2011-2024). • Visible total scattering coefficients were measured with MRI integrating nephelometer (2004-2011) and Optec integrating nephelometer (2011-2024) located at 3 m. Subsoil instrumentation includes: • Delta-T ML2/ML3 theta probes measured volumetric soil moisture at depths of 10, 22, 57 and 160 cm. • Delta-T PRT measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (2004-March 2012). • Delta-T ST2-396 thermistor probes measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (March 2012-2024). • Hukseflux HFP01SC flux plate measured ground heat flux. • Druck 1830 pressure transducer measured water table depth. A full list of NetCDF variables can be found in "Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004-2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK." Osborne et al. ESSD (2025). This paper should be referenced in any research/publications pertaining to this dataset. To ensure optimal traceability and transparency of data, comprehensive metadata is included.

This repository provides a continuous hydrometeorological record of the Met Office Observation-based research Boundary Layer Facility at the semi-rural field site (18 Ha) of Cardington (52° 06′ N, 00° 25′ W, 29 m ± 1 m amsl) in central-southern England between 2004 and 2024. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology, radiation and subsoil from sensor measurements at 1 minute averaging period and measured by instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts. Instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts include: • Vector Instruments T302 PRT temperature sensors were located at all heights. • Screened and aspirated HMP155s were located at all heights. • Gill HS50 3-D horizontally symmetric ultrasonic anemometers were located at all heights. • Licor Li-7500 open-path hygrometer was located at 10m. • Setra Model 270 transducer measured barometric pressure at 1.5 m. • Michell chilled mirror hygrometer measured dew and frost point temperature at 1.2 m Surface instrumentation includes: • Rainfall is measured with a Met Office Mk5 tipping-bucket gauge with a 0.2 mm accuracy. • Screened and aspirated Rotronics Hydroclip2 measured grass canopy air temperature and RH located at 0.4 m, 0.15 m and 0.08 m. Radiation instrumentation includes: • Clear-domed Kipp and Zonen CM21 pyranometers located at 2 m measured global downwelling, diffuse downwelling, and upwelling components (of wavelength between 0.3-3 μm). • Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometers located at 2 m measured the downwelling and upwelling longwave radiation (4.5–40 μm). • Grass canopy, or skin temperature was measured radiometrically with the Heitronics KT15 pyrometer. Aerosol and visibility instrumentation includes: • A Belfort 6230A instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility) (2004-April 2011). • A Biral HSS VPF-730 instrument located at 2 m measured visual range through air (visibility), and for the determination of present weather (April 2011-2024). • Visible total scattering coefficients were measured with MRI integrating nephelometer (2004-2011) and Optec integrating nephelometer (2011-2024) located at 3 m. Subsoil instrumentation includes: • Delta-T ML2/ML3 theta probes measured volumetric soil moisture at depths of 10, 22, 57 and 160 cm. • Delta-T PRT measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (2004-March 2012). • Delta-T ST2-396 thermistor probes measured soil temperature at 1, 4, 7, 10, 17, 35, 65 and 100 cm (March 2012-2024). • Hukseflux HFP01SC flux plate measured ground heat flux. • Druck 1830 pressure transducer measured water table depth. A full list of NetCDF variables can be found in “A continuous hydrometeorological record (2004–2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK.” Osborne et al. (2025). This paper should be referenced in any research/publications pertaining to this dataset. To ensure optimal traceability and transparency of data, comprehensive metadata is included.

This repository provides a continuous hydrometeorological record of the Met Office Observation-based research Boundary Layer Facility (BLF) at the semi-rural field site (14 Ha) of Cardington (52° 06′ N, 00° 25′ W, 29 m ± 1 m above mean sea level) in central-southern England between 2004 and 2024. The dataset contains recorded surface meteorology, radiation and subsoil from in-situ sensor measurements at four averaging periods, '01', '05', '10' or '30' minute intervals and measured by instruments mounted on 2 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m masts. In addition, specialist remote-sensing instruments including microwave radiometers, Halo Doppler lidars, ceilometers and disdrometer datasets are provided. A full list of NetCDF variables can be found in "Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004-2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK." Osborne et al. ESSD (2025). This paper also provides a technical introduction to the Cardington site, core instrumentation, specialist radiometers, the land surface model (LSM) forcing dataset derived from the principal dataset and a description of the file formats used in the archived products. This paper should be referenced in any research/publications pertaining to this dataset collection.

[THIS DATASET HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN]. This dataset contains daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil observations from COSMOS-UK (cosmic-ray soil moisture monitoring network) from the start of the network, in October 2013, to the end of 2016. These data are from 42 sites active across UK during this time, recording a range of hydrometeorological and soil variables. Each site in the network hosts a cosmic-ray sensing probe; a novel sensor technology which can be used, in combination with hydrometeorological data, to calculate the volumetric water content of soil over a field scale. The hydrometeorological and soil data are recorded at a 30 minute resolution and they include neutron counts from the Cosmic-ray sensing probe, humidity and atmospheric pressure data that are used to derive volumetric water content at two temporal resolutions (hourly and daily). Also included are soil heat flux, air temperature, wind speed and net radiation data which are used to derive potential evapotranspiration at a daily resolution. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/486f049b-c51b-4496-97e3-1d66137e4296