In March 2010, the Scottish CCS (Carbon Capture & Storage) Consortium began an extensive Front End, Engineering and Design (FEED) study to assess what would be required from an engineering, commercial and regulatory, perspective in order to progress the CCS demonstration project at Longannet Power station in Scotland through to construction. The study yielded invaluable knowledge and the resulting material are available for download here. This section of the report illustrates how the End-to-End CCS chain must be considered as a system as well as separate elements. It builds upon the description of the individual elements contained in Section 3, and captures the development of the End-to-End CCS chain design carried out during FEED. Specifically, this section focuses on the following aspects: Commissioning the system in preparation for operations, as well as decommissioning at the end of the capture and storage period; Operations and maintenance activities; Control; Metering and monitoring; Venting; This section also provides some selected information on the individual CCS chain elements and a summary of the RAM (reliability, availability and maintainability) analysis undertaken during FEED of which one of the key outputs was the anticipated CO2 injection profile for the project. The appropriate summary section from the Feed Close Out Report can be downloaded as a PDF (End to end CCS chain operation.pdf). The main text of the FEED Close Out Report, together with the supporting appendix for this section can be downloaded as PDF files. Note this dataset is a duplicate of the reports held at the National Archive which can be found at the following link - http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121217150421/http://decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/ccs/ukccscomm_prog/feed/scottish_power/ccs_chain/ccs_chain.aspx

PROJECT DETAILS ONLY - NO DATA. We propose to develop innovative seismic techniques for establishing links between hydraulic or fluid flow properties (porosity, permeability, connectivity) and seismic properties (impedance, velocity, attenuation), and for improving the remote determination of the hydraulic properties from surface seismic and borehole data. A significant part of this project will involve the development of theoretical models of seismic wave propagation in rocks with realistic distributions of fractures and faults, with fluid-rock interaction included in the seismic wave propagation theory. The project will combine analytical studies and numerical modelling tools for simulating wave propagation in fractured porous rock. The research will be guided by, and benefit from, application to field data supplied by the industrial collaborators. The proposed research will improve both seismic wavefield theory and modelling of fluid flow in fractured rock and will have direct application in recovering the critical fluid-flow parameters. The work will fill the gap existing in characterising fluid-rock interaction using seismic methods, and it is expected to provide a strong theoretical basis for time-lapse seismic monitoring of spatial and temporal changes in underground reservoirs. The output will be of direct relevance to the detection of oil/gas migration in reservoirs and groundwater flow in aquifers using field seismic measurements.

This poster on the UKCCSRC Call 1 project Oxyfuel and exhaust gas recirculation processes in gas turbine combustion for improved carbon capture performance was presented at the CSLF Call project poster reception, London, 27.06.16. Grant number: UKCCSRC-C1-26. This research is concerned with oxyfuel combustion in gas turbine applications, in particular concentrating on the use of modern swirl-stabilised burners. Oxyfuel is considered a particularly challenging idea, since the resultant burning velocity and flame temperatures will be significantly higher than what might be deemed as a practical or workable technology. For this reason it is widely accepted that EGR-derived CO2 will be used as a diluent and moderator for the reaction (in essence replacing the role of atmospheric nitrogen). The key challenges in developing oxyfuel gas turbine technology are therefore: • Flame stability at high temperatures and burning rates. • The use of CO2 as a combustion diluent. • Potential for CO emission into the capture plant. • Wide or variable operating envelopes across diluent concentrations. • Differences in the properties of N2 and CO2 giving rise to previously unmeasured flame heat release locations.

The data consists of an extended abstract submitted to 'The Fourth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals', Almeria, Spain, 20-24th September 2015. The abstract describes work carried-out on behalf of the 'Fault seal controls on CO2 storage capacity in aquifers' project funded by the UKCCS Research Centre, grant number UKCCSRC-C1-14. The CO2-rich St. Johns Dome reservoir in Arizona provides a useful analogue for leaking CO2 storage sites, and the abstract describes an analysis of the fault-seal behaviour at the site. http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=82673.

This poster on the UKCCSRC Call 2 project Novel reductive rejuvenation approaches for degraded amine solutions from PCC in power plants was presented at the CSLF Call project poster reception, London, 27.06.16. Grant number: UKCCSRC-C2-189. Aqueous amine scrubbing is currently considered to be the best available technology of carbon capture for both pulverised fuel and natural gas power plants. A major problem is the thermo-oxidative degradation of chemical amine solvents used, leading to a range of operational problems and the generation of large quantities of hazardous aqueous waste. However, no existing technologies are able to effectively deal with these problems particularly the handling of the toxic waste solvent streams. The conversion of the degraded amines back to usable solvents or saleable products has been regarded as a novel effective way for cost reduction.

This poster on the UKCCSRC Call 1 project Determination of water solubility limits in CO2 mixtures to deliver water specification levels for CO2 transportation was presented at the CSLF Call project poster reception, London, 27.06.16. Grant number: UKCCSRC-C1-21. Studies of the phase behaviour and water solubility of pure and impure CO2 are of great relevance to the transport phase of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. For transport through carbon steel pipelines, CO2 and any impurities present must be present as a single phase to avoid corrosion, and subsequent loss of pipeline integrity. Trace impurities such as H2 and N2 have been shown to alter the phase behaviour of the CO2 at high pressure. Understanding the effect of these impurities on the solubility of H2O in CO2 is vital to confirm the safety and viability of CO2 transport through carbon steel pipelines.

Pre-proposal for scientific drilling 'GlaciStore: Understanding Late Cenozoic glaciation and basin processes for the development of secure large-scale offshore CO2storage (North Sea)', submitted to Integrated Ocean Discovery Programme (IODP) March 2014. The proponent 'GlaciStore' consortium comprises research and industry organisations from the UK and Norway. The pre-proposal describes the scientific research objectives, 12 proposed drill sites to address the objectives, the relationship of the research with the IODP science plan, and describes and illustrates three scientific objectives. The objectives are to investigate the glacial history and sedimentary architecture, fluid flow and processes, and the stress history and geomechanical response in strata that have experienced multiple glacial and interglacial cycles cycles. A drilling and sampling strategy and the measurements expected to be taken are also described The lead submitter, on behalf to the GlaciStore consortium is Heather Stewart, British Geological Survey (BGS).The 27 proponents from the UK and Norway (BGS, Institute for Energy Technology, Lundin Norway AS, SINTEF Energy Research, Statoil ASA, University of Bergen, University of Edinburgh and University of Oslo) and their expertise are listed. The pre-proposal is a pdf format file. This is restricted to the proponents for publication and to progress to full proposal to IODP. UKCCSRC Grant UKCCSRC-C1-30.

A series of maps at the detailed scale of 1:25 000 have been produced for areas of outstanding geological interest in Great Britain. Some maps are accompanied by explanatory booklets. The maps were published between 1954 and 2007. About 60 maps have been published, some showing solid geology, some drift geology and some combined solid and drift. Most of the maps include geological cross sections and generalised vertical sections. Geological maps represent a geologist's compiled interpretation of the geology of an area. A geologist will consider the data available at the time, including measurements and observations collected during field campaigns, as well as their knowledge of geological processes and the geological context to create a model of the geology of an area. This model is then fitted to a topographic basemap and drawn up at the appropriate scale, with generalization if necessary, to create a geological map, which is a representation of the geological model. Explanatory notes and vertical and horizontal cross sections may be published with the map. Geological maps may be created to show various aspects of the geology, or themes. These maps are hard-copy paper records stored in the National Geoscience Data Centre (NGDC) and are delivered as digital scans through the BGS website.

This poster on the UKCCSRC Call 1 project Oxyfuel and exhaust gas recirculation processes in gas turbine combustion for improved carbon capture performance was presented at the CSLF Call project poster reception, London, 27.06.16. Grant number: UKCCSRC-C1-26. This research is concerned with oxyfuel combustion in gas turbine applications, in particular concentrating on the use of modern swirl-stabilised burners. Oxyfuel is considered a particularly challenging idea, since the resultant burning velocity and flame temperatures will be significantly higher than what might be deemed as a practical or workable technology. For this reason it is widely accepted that EGR-derived CO2 will be used as a diluent and moderator for the reaction (in essence replacing the role of atmospheric nitrogen). The key challenges in developing oxyfuel gas turbine technology are therefore: • Flame stability at high temperatures and burning rates. • The use of CO2 as a combustion diluent. • Potential for CO emission into the capture plant. • Wide or variable operating envelopes across diluent concentrations. • Differences in the properties of N2 and CO2 giving rise to previously unmeasured flame heat release locations.

In March 2010, the Scottish CCS (Carbon Capture & Storage) Consortium began an extensive Front End, Engineering and Design (FEED) study to assess what would be required from an engineering, commercial and regulatory, perspective in order to progress the CCS demonstration project at Longannet Power station in Scotland through to construction. The study yielded invaluable knowledge and the resulting material are available for download here. This section of the report provides a summary of key decisions and design changes made during FEED that have resulted from the development of the End-to-End solution and the design works conducted by each of the Consortium Partners. The information described in this section captures the design decisions and changes that have had the most prominent impact on the End-to-End Basis of Design. For each key design change/decision, the background, options considered and the final outcome is described. The ScottishPower CCS Consortium Decision Register can be found in PDFs . The appropriate summary section from the Feed Close Out Report can be downloaded as a PDF (Key FEED decisions.pdf). The main text of the FEED Close Out Report, together with the supporting appendix for this section can be downloaded as PDF files. Note this dataset is a duplicate of the reports held at the National Archive which can be found at the following link - http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121217150421/http://decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/ccs/ukccscomm_prog/feed/scottish_power/feed_decisions/feed_decisions.aspx