Global Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GloCAEM) project brought these experts together to make the first steps towards an effective global network for FW atmospheric electricity monitoring by holding workshops to discuss measurement practises and instrumentation, as well as establish recording and archiving procedures to archive electric field data in a standardised, easily accessible format, then by creating a central data repository. This project was funded in the UK under NERC grant NE/N013689/1. This dataset contains measurements of atmospheric electricity and electric potential gradient made using a Cambell Scientific CS110 electric-field mill at Mt Hermon.

This dataset contains air sample measurements of the ratio between carbon 12: carbon 13 in atmospheric methane (d13C). The air samples measured were taken from an inlet on the Zeppelin Observatory into either flasks, tedlar bags or flexfoil bags. The samples were analysed for the carbon ratio in methane at Royal Holloway University of London using continuous flow gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-GC/IRMS). This data was collected as part of the Methane Observations and Yearly Assessments (MOYA) project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/N016211/1).

This dataset contains air sample measurements of the ratio between carbon 12: carbon 13 in atmospheric methane (d13C). The air samples measured were taken at the Ascension Islands on a regular basis using glass flasks. The samples were analysed for the carbon ratio in methane at Royal Holloway University of London using continuous flow gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-GC/IRMS). MS). This data was collected as part of the Methane Observations and Yearly Assessments (MOYA) project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/N016211/1).

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). Prior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent. Although the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. For more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). From 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation. These static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. Urbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time. This dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values. For mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature. These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London). The seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values. Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick Stations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College The current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College. The dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Latest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html). The version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated. The CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: Version Vx.y.z.a: • x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology • y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages • z – incremental changes • a – reserved for use internally The standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial changes have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release). This new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version.

The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2017. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection.

The dataset contains concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane which were collected in discrete air samples during intensive seasonal campaigns in November 2011 and August 2012 by the University of St Andrews Thermo TRACE Gas Chromatograph Ultra at Tres Cruces, a montane grassland ecosystem ground site, in the Peruvian Andes. Data were collected for the NERC project: 'Are tropical uplands regional hotspots for methane and nitrous oxide?' (NERC grant awards: NE/H007849/1, NE/H006753/1 and NE/H006583/2).