Data comprise a forest inventory (tree name (local, scientific, genera, family), diameter, height), dendrometric tree characteristics (tree species, weight (branches, leaves, trunk), diameter, height, coordinates, distance, location) and aboveground biomass data (litter and root mat depth, biomass and carbon stock of living vegetation (sapling, tree and understorey), non-living vegetation (litter), lying dead wood and standing dead wood) sampled in the Ankeniheny Zahamena Forest Corridor (remains of the evergreen forest of eastern Madagascar). Living vegetation includes woody and herbaceous above soil vegetation including stems, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage (IPCC, 2006). Litter includes all non-living biomass with a size greater than the limit for soil organic matter (suggested 2 mm) and less than the minimum diameter chosen for lying dead wood (e.g. 10 cm) in various states of decomposition above or within the mineral or organic soil (IPCC, 2006). Dead wood includes all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil (IPCC, 2006). Understorey includes herbaceous vegetation in forests and fallows. Data were collected as part of a project funded under the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Work package 4 P4GES project, grant references: NE/K008692/1, NE/K010115/1, and NE/K010220-1 Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/cbeea40f-8e35-4875-8b49-815e04f0cbd9