af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2026-02-06T13:36:12 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Simulated 15-min discharge time-series and baseline simulations for the River Kent following a Natural Flood Management intervention of 'Enhanced Hillslope Storage', Sedgewick, October 2015 to January 2016 2024-04-09 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f 10.5285/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f doi: Chappell, N.A., Beven, K.J., Smith, P., Hankin, B. (2024). Simulated 15-min discharge time-series and baseline simulations for the River Kent following a Natural Flood Management intervention of 'Enhanced Hillslope Storage', Sedgewick, October 2015 to January 2016. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f Simulated 15-min discharge time-series (1/10/2015-17/1/2016) for the River Kent at Sedgwick following a Natural Flood Management intervention of ‘Enhanced Hillslope Storage’ plus the baseline simulations are presented. To derive these data, the observed 15-minute discharge River Kent measured at the Environment Agency (EA) Sedgwick gauging station (https://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/info/73005) through the 1 Oct 2015 to 17 Jan 2016 period were modelled using the latest version of Lancaster University’s Dynamic TOPMODEL (https://cran.r-project.org/web//packages/dynatop/index.html). The spatially distributed rainfall field used as input to TOPMODEL was derived from a new direction-dependent and topographically controlled interpolation using observed rainfall data for the Cumbrian Mountains (Page et al., 2022. Hydrological Processes 36: e14758, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14758). Lack of perfect understanding of the hydrological processes routing rainfall for stream channels and then along stream channels to the Sedgwick gauge was represented by using a very wide range of model parameters applied randomly within 10,000 simulations. Using the approach detailed in Beven et al. (2022a. Hydrological Processes 36(10): e14703, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14703), the resultant wide range of simulated discharge time-series was reduced by rejecting all but 67 simulations that passed the prescribed criteria. These 67 baseline simulations of observed behaviour through the +3 month period at Sedgwick are presented here. To represent the effect of adding surface storage distributed across this 209 sq km River Kent catchment, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used in the baseline simulations according to Hankin et al (2018. Technical report SC150005/R6. Environment Agency, Bristol. 77pp, https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/working-with-natural-processes-to-reduce-flood-risk) to represent bunds placed on hillslopes in rural areas. The bunds are a type of flood mitigation measure known as Natural Flood Management or NFM. These are known formally as ‘Enhanced Hillslope Storage’ or EHS features (Beven et al 2022b. Hydrological Processes 36: e14752, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14752). The TOPMODEL parameter sets producing the 67 ‘acceptable’ baseline simulations were then re-run with the modified DEM. These results are also presented here. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f Chappell, N.A. Lancaster University n.chappell@lancaster.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-951X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Beven, K.J. Lancaster University k.beven@lancaster.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-3934 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Smith, P. Lancaster University p.j.smith@lancaster.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-3412 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Hankin, B. Lancaster University Barry.Hankin@jbaconsulting.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-3321 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Chappell, N.A. Lancaster University n.chappell@lancaster.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-951X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information pointOfContact Lancaster University n.chappell@lancaster.ac.uk owner NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher Environmental Monitoring Facilities theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication flood resilience model storm simulation flood risk management nature-based solution runoff atmospheric precipitation GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Hydrology river discharge rainfall River Kent Cumbria Q-NFM Dynamic TOPMODEL distributed model uncertainty natural flood management (NFM) NbS hydrograph condition tree parsimony Monte Carlo otherRestrictions no limitations otherRestrictions Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Chappell, N.A., Beven, K.J., Smith, P., Hankin, B. (2024). Simulated 15-min discharge time-series and baseline simulations for the River Kent following a Natural Flood Management intervention of 'Enhanced Hillslope Storage', Sedgewick, October 2015 to January 2016. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f textTable English utf8 environment 2015-10-01 2016-01-17 -3.168 -2.642 54.038 54.456 Comma-separated values (CSV) NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f Download the data Download a copy of this data download https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/af081a90-b014-43f7-9399-c948a8b7672f.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset information dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 The simulations were performed with the latest version of Lancaster University’s distributed catchment model called ‘Dynamic TOPMODEL’. Version 0.2.1 and this is publicly available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web//packages/dynatop/index.html Dynamic TOPMODEL was used to assess change in flood peaks associated with Natural Flood Management (NFM) by refining the baseline results according to a Condition Tree Approach, where the first step is the choice of model, in this case Dynamic TOPMODEL. The second step is establishing a prior range of model parameters (see Table 1 in Beven et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14752). The third step is the initial sampling strategy of Monte Carlo sampling of prior parameter distributions assuming independent uniform distributions. This gave 100,000 simulated river discharge datasets for the before (baseline) and post-intervention (Enhanced Hillslope Storage) simulations. The fourth step was to apply the Limits of Acceptability criteria determined from 2.5 to 97.5 quantiles of distributions of runoff coefficients from past events. These were applied to ranked hydrograph time steps for period in 2015 (Table 1 in Beven et al., 2022b, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14703) including the largest flood on record, with additional timing constraint of ± 2 h. This gave 3249 surviving river discharge datasets for each scenario. The fifth step was to undertake additional evaluation of flood peaks, where Limits of acceptability approach was applied ranked hydrograph time steps in 2005 and 2009 (as set out in Table 2 in Beven et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14752). This gave 118 surviving river discharge datasets for each scenario. Lastly, step six, the valuation of areas producing saturation excess overland flow was applied. Here simulations producing less than 10% of the area with surface storage greater than 1 mm at any time step additionally rejected. This gave 67 surviving river discharge datasets for each scenario. These 67 results are those presented in this shared dataset. For the NFM scenario, the location of the Enhanced Hillslope Storage features across the modelled River Kent catchment was based on the publically available WwNP (Working with Natural Processes) dataset (Hankin et al., 2018 Technical report SC150005/R6. Environment Agency, Bristol. 77pp, https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/working-with-natural-processes-to-reduce-flood-risk). For the simulations presented in this NFM-scenario dataset, each bund feature was modelled with a residence time of 10 hours.