Methodology:

Occurrence records and environmental data were downloaded from online and open access sources (see the Reference section). For the 2D model approach, occurrence and background points were matched to the appropriate environmental conditions using the "prepareSWD" function from the R package "SDMtune". Sea surface conditions are matched to all records, regardless of the depth they were caught at.

For the 3D model approach, occurrence and background points were matched to the appropriate environmental conditions using the "depth_extract" function from Duffy and Chown (2017) source code available at: https://figshare.com/articles/Duffy_Chown_MEPS12011_model_virtualspecies/4315052. This ensures each occurrence or background point is only matched to the environmental conditions from the depth closest to the depth from which the record came from.

File: occurrence_data_2D.csv

Volume: 6 megabytes

Contents: This file contains the cleaned and processed occurrence records of the ten myctophid species modelled in the study and the sea surface environmental conditions associated to each presence locality.

Data columns and units:

NAME = species

LON = longitude (decimal degrees)

LAT = latitude (decimal degrees)

DEPTH = depth of catch information (metres)

BATHYMETRY = bathymetry (metres)

O2 = dissolved oxygen at the sea surface (mmol-m3)

PP = primary organic carbon production by all types of phytoplankton in the upper 150m (nmol m-2 s-1)

SAL = sea surface salinity (PSU)

TEMP = sea surface temperature (degrees celcius)

ALL OTHER COLUMNS = STANDARD GBIF METADATA

File: occurrence_data_3D.csv

Volume: 4.5 megabytes

Contents: This file contains the cleaned and processed occurrence records of the ten myctophid species modelled in the study and the depth-specific environmental conditions associated to each presence locality.

Data columns and units:

NAME = species

LON = longitude (decimal degrees)

LAT = latitude (decimal degrees)

DEPTH = depth of catch information (metres)

BATHYMETRY = bathymetry (metres)

O2 = depth-specific dissolved oxygen at (mmol-m3)

PP = primary organic carbon production by all types of phytoplankton in the upper 150m (nmol m-2 s-1)

SAL = depth-specific salinity (PSU)

TEMP = depth-specific temperature (degrees celcius)

ALL OTHER COLUMNS = STANDARD GBIF METADATA

File: background_data_2D_AND_3D.csv

Volume: 1.2 megabytes

Contents: This file contains the coordinates of the background data generated for the study. Both the 2D (suface) and 3D (depth-specific) environmental conditions are given for each point.

Data columns and units:

NAME = identifier for background data "bg"

LON = longitude (decimal degrees)

LAT = latitude (decimal degrees)

DEPTH = depth assigned to each point (metres)

BATHYMETRY = bathymetry (metres)

PP = primary organic carbon production by all types of phytoplankton in the upper 150m (nmol m-2 s-1)

O2_2D = dissolved oxygen at the sea surface (mmol-m3)

SAL_2D = sea surface salinity (PSU)

TEMP_2D = sea surface temperature (degrees celcius)

O2_3D = depth-specific dissolved oxygen (mmol-m3)

SAL_3D = depth-specific salinity (PSU)

TEMP_3D = depth-specific temperature (degrees celcius)

File: GBIF_citations.txt

Volume: 6 kilobytes

Contents: A citation list of all contributing datasets for occurrence records downloaded from GBIF, generated in 2020 via R package "rgbif".

Data collection:

All analyses were carried out in R version 3.5.3.

Data quality:

Occurrence records for all ten species were downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). These occurrence records represent those remaining after undertaking following quality assurance and control processes. Unreliable data, which included records with identical latitude and longitude, and records with a latitude and longitude corresponding to a terrestrial location, were removed. Due to high sampling bias towards austral spring and summer seasons, only records from the months October-March were kept for analyses. Furthermore, only occurrence records from 1960 to 2010 were retained, to correspond to a similar baseline period of available environmental data. Duplicate records were excluded from model runs.

Citations for all data (occurrence and environmental data) are given in the Reference section.