This dataset was generated from a laboratory experiment investigating the toxicity of Cerium oxide nanoparticles and non-nanoparticles to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The toxicity test procedure followed the OECD guideline 222 (earthworm reproduction test (Eisenia fetida/andrei)). Exposure concentrations for both nano and non-nano Cerium oxide particulate forms and the cerium salt materials were 41, 102, 256, 640, 1600, 4000, 10000 mg Ce per kg (Dry Weight soil). Each replicate container held 500 g soil with ten worms. There were three replicate containers per treatment concentration. All exposures were run concurrently and hence effect could be benchmarked against a universal control treatment for the experiment. This comprised of ten separate replicates of Lufa 2.2 soil without amendment of any form of Cerium. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/87659913-c552-449f-bd00-c101ef90b300