This dataset contains acute and chronic ecotoxicology measurements of Eisenia fetida earthworms exposed to different types and concentrations of bio-based textile-derived microfibres. Acute test (72 hours) measured earthworm mortality across a range of fibre concentrations, following OECD TG 207 standard guidelines. Chronic tests (following OECD TG 222 guidelines), using one fibre concentration were conducted over 28-days and measured mortality, growth, reproductive output (number of egg cocoons and juveniles), oxidative stress and elemental composition of earthworms. Data were collected in order to establish lethal thresholds and sub-lethal effects of different textiles microfibres (bio-based and conventional). This research is part of the BIO-PLASTIC-RISK project, funded by Natural Environment Research Council through the grants NE/V007556/1 and NE/V007246/1. Full details about this nonGeographicDataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/577486c2-c6e1-4588-957d-69c1a3d85628