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            <gco:CharacterString>Ionisation as a precursor to Aerosol Formation (also known as IONS) was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00150 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by Dr RG Harrison, University of Reading.

Formation of ultrafine particles from molecular cluster ions in the atmosphere has been shown to occur in urban air, from both experimental findings and theoretical considerations. Ion-induced (or mediated) aerosol formation is currently neglected, despite the considerable variability known in atmospheric ions. Ionisation in the atmosphere is ubiquitous, arising from cosmic rays and natural radioactivity, with a further contribution from nuclear reprocessing. The efficiency of ion to particle conversion was sensitive to gas composition and condensable vapour supply. 

The work measured ion-induced ultrafine particle production in surface air, combining ion and aerosol data. Existing ion-aerosol theory will be extended to include particle production from ions, to assess the significance for clouds of additional condensation nuclei.

This dataset collection contains surface level atmospheric measurements of background ion production rates and small ion concentrations. Data from the TORCH2 campaign are also included as used by the project participants.

The Polluted Troposphere Programme was a 5-year NERC thematic research programme which was centred upon the study of polluted boundary layer air and its transport to the free troposphere. The programme focussed on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations">All data within this dataset collection are available to any registered CEDA user.</gmx:Anchor>
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                              xlink:href="https://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/licences/missing_licence.pdf">Under the following licence https://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/licences/missing_licence.pdf, appropriate use of these data may fall under unstated use. This message is intended as guidance, always read the full licence. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record.</gmx:Anchor>
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                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:title="Licence file link."
                              xlink:href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/">Under the following licence http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/, appropriate use of these data may fall under any use. This message is intended as guidance, always read the full licence. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record.</gmx:Anchor>
               </gmd:otherConstraints>
            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode"
                                                  codeListValue="grid">grid</gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode>
         </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
         <gmd:spatialResolution>
            <gmd:MD_Resolution>
               <gmd:distance gco:nilReason="inapplicable"/>
            </gmd:MD_Resolution>
         </gmd:spatialResolution>
         <gmd:language>
            <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php"
                              codeListValue="eng">English</gmd:LanguageCode>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
                     <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-90.0</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>20.0</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>0.0</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                     <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>80.0</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                  </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:temporalElement>
                  <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                     <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="CEDA01">
                           <gml:beginPosition>2003-09-28T23:00:00</gml:beginPosition>
                           <gml:endPosition>2005-01-21T00:00:00</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                     </gmd:extent>
                  </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
               </gmd:temporalElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
      </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
      <gmd:MD_Distribution>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Contact data centre for format details.</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributor>
            <gmd:MD_Distributor>
               <gmd:distributorContact>
                  <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre (NCAS BADC)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:organisationName>
                     <gmd:positionName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Data Center Contact</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:positionName>
                     <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                           <gmd:phone>
                              <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                                 <gmd:voice>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>+44(0)1235 446432</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:voice>
                              </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                           </gmd:phone>
                           <gmd:address>
                              <gmd:CI_Address>
                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>British Atmospheric Data Centre</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                 <gmd:city>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Harwell Oxford</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:city>
                                 <gmd:postalCode>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>OX11 0QX</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:postalCode>
                                 <gmd:country>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>UK</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:country>
                                 <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>badc@rl.ac.uk</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                              </gmd:CI_Address>
                           </gmd:address>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                     </gmd:contactInfo>
                     <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode"
                                         codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                     </gmd:role>
                  </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
               </gmd:distributorContact>
            </gmd:MD_Distributor>
         </gmd:distributor>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/57038ca1ded5da15898197487c8edea9</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>CEDA Data Catalogue Page</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Detail and access information for the resource</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/conditions/polltrop.html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Polluted Troposphere Data Protocol</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>No further details.</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/polluted-tropo/doc/publications.html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>BADC Doc: Polluted Troposphere Publications</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>No further details.</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
      <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
         <gmd:scope>
            <gmd:DQ_Scope>
               <gmd:level>
                  <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode"
                                    codeListValue="series">series</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
               </gmd:level>
            </gmd:DQ_Scope>
         </gmd:scope>
         <gmd:report>
            <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
               <gmd:result>
                  <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
                     <gmd:specification>
                        <gmd:CI_Citation>
                           <gmd:title>
                              <gco:CharacterString>Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services</gco:CharacterString>
                           </gmd:title>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gmd:CI_Date>
                                 <gmd:date>
                                    <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
                                 </gmd:date>
                                 <gmd:dateType>
                                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode"
                                                         codeListValue="publication"/>
                                 </gmd:dateType>
                              </gmd:CI_Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                        </gmd:CI_Citation>
                     </gmd:specification>
                     <gmd:explanation gco:nilReason="inapplicable"/>
                     <gmd:pass gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
                  </gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
               </gmd:result>
            </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
         </gmd:report>
         <gmd:lineage>
            <gmd:LI_Lineage>
               <gmd:statement>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Please see data lineage statements for each dataset within this collection for data lineage details.</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:statement>
            </gmd:LI_Lineage>
         </gmd:lineage>
      </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>