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                  <gco:CharacterString>Results are derived from the MANURES-GIS model (Defra WQ0103) developed by ADAS [1]. MANURES-GIS creates a conceptual framework of manure/excreta flow pathways, using Node and Link tree diagrams, similar to the National Ammonia Reduction Strategy Evaluation System (NARSES) model [2]. The framework is divided into six broad livestock classes (dairy cattle; beef cattle; pigs; sheep and other livestock; laying hens; broilers and other poultry). Each livestock class is further divided into stages representing: excretion, housing, grazing, hardstandings, storage, export and land spreading. These stages are then further subdivided, for example, housing may be on a slurry or solid manure based system, slurry storage may be in a lagoon or above-ground tank etc. At each stage, alterations to the composition of the manure may occur through loss processes (e.g. ammonia or methane emissions), gains (e.g. straw added during housing) or transformations (e.g. immobilisation of ammonium-N during farmyard manure storage). The livestock and cropping data used to parametrise MANURES-GIS are sourced from the 2010 June Survey from Defra and the Welsh Government. [1] ADAS (2008) The National Inventory and Map of Livestock Manure Loadings to Agricultural Land: MANURES-GIS. Final Report for Defra Project WQ0103 [2] Webb, J. and Misselbrook, T. (2004). A mass flow model of ammonia emissions from UK livestock production. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 2163-2176</gco:CharacterString>
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