Data for Figure 3.33 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure 3.33 shows observed and simulated Northern Annular Mode (NAM), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in boreal winter.

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How to cite this dataset

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When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:

Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.

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Figure subpanels

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The figure has twelve panels, with data provided for panels (a), (d), (g) and (j) in the subdirectory named panel_adgj, panels (b), (e), (h) and (k) in the subdirectory named panel_behk, and panels (c), (f), (i) and (l) in the subdirectory named panel_cfil.  

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List of data provided

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This dataset contains: 

- Observed sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAM.

- Observed sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAO.

- Observed sea level pressure anomalies associated with SAM.

- Simulated sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAM.

- Simulated sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAO.

- Simulated sea level pressure anomalies associated with SAM.

- Taylor statistics of sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAM.

- Taylor statistics of sea level pressure anomalies associated with NAO.

- Taylor statistics of sea level pressure anomalies associated with SAM.

- 1958-2014 trends of the NAM index.

- 1958-2014 trends of the NAO index.

- 1979-2014 trends of the SAM index.

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Data provided in relation to figure

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Panel a:

- nam_patterns(0, :, :) in panel_adgj/nam.obs.nc; shading

- nam_pattern_significance in panel_adgj/nam.obs.nc; cross marker

Panel b:

- nao_patterns(0, :, :) in panel_behk/nao.obs.nc; shading

- nao_pattern_significance in panel_behk/nao.obs.nc; cross marker

Panel c:

- sam_patterns(0, :, :) in panel_cfil/sam.obs.nc; shading

- sam_pattern_significance in panel_cfil/sam.obs.nc; cross marker

Panel d:

- nam_patterns in panel_adgj/nam.hist.cmip6.nc; multimodel ensemble mean for shading, and sign agreement for hatching

Panel e:

- nao_patterns in panel_behk/nao.hist.cmip6.nc; multimodel ensemble mean for shading, and sign agreement for hatching

Panel f:

- sam_patterns in panel_cfil/sam.hist.cmip6.nc; multimodel ensemble mean for shading, and sign agreement for hatching

Panel g:

- nam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_adgj/nam.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for the orange dot

- nam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_adgj/nam.hist.cmip5.nc: blue crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the blue dot

- nam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_adgj/nam.hist.cmip6.nc: red crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the red dot

- nam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_adgj/nam.obs.nc: black dots

Panel h:

- nao_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_behk/nao.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for the orange dot

- nao_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_behk/nao.hist.cmip5.nc: blue crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the blue dot

- nao_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_behk/nao.hist.cmip6.nc: red crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the red dot

- nao_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_behk/nao.obs.nc: black dots

Panel i:

- sam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_cfil/sam.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for the orange dot

- sam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_cfil/sam.hist.cmip5.nc: blue crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the blue dot

- sam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_cfil/sam.hist.cmip6.nc: red crosses, with multimodel ensemble mean for the red dot

- sam_tay_stat(:, 0:1) in panel_cfil/sam.obs.nc: black dots

Panel j:

- nam_pc_trends in panel_adgj/nam.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for orange vertical line

- nam_pc_trends in panel_adgj/nam.hist.cmip5.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for blue vertical line

- nam_pc_trends in panel_adgj/nam.hist.cmip6.nc: histogram, with multimodel ensemble mean for red vertical line

- nam_pc_trends in panel_adgj/nam.obs.nc: black vertical lines

Panel k:

- nao_pc_trends in panel_behk/nao.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for orange vertical line

- nao_pc_trends in panel_behk/nao.hist.cmip5.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for blue vertical line

- nao_pc_trends in panel_behk/nao.hist.cmip6.nc: histogram, with multimodel ensemble mean for red vertical line

- nao_pc_trends in panel_behk/nao.obs.nc: black vertical lines

Panel l:

- sam_pc_trends in panel_cfil/sam.amip.cmip6.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for orange vertical line

- sam_pc_trends in panel_cfil/sam.hist.cmip5.nc: multimodel ensemble mean for blue vertical line

- sam_pc_trends in panel_cfil/sam.hist.cmip6.nc: histogram, with multimodel ensemble mean for red vertical line

- sam_pc_trends in panel_cfil/sam.obs.nc: black vertical lines

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Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data

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Multimodel ensemble means and histograms are obtained after weighting individual members with the inverse of the ensemble size of the same model. ensemble_assign in each file provides the model number to which each ensemble member belongs. This weighting does not apply to the sign agreement calculation.

Multimodel ensemble mean of the pattern correlation in Taylor statistics is calculated via Fisher z-transformation and back transformation.

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Sources of additional information

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The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:

- Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)

- Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains supporting information on the figure in Section and details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1

- Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo

- Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website