This dataset contains a national-scale geodatabase of stream network and river catchment characteristics in the Philippines. It presents detailed information on 128 medium- to large-sized catchments (catchment area > 250 km2). The quantitative descriptions provide context for enabling geomorphologically-informed sustainable river management. The geodatabase provides a baseline understanding of fundamental topographic characteristics in support of varied geomorphological, hydrological and geohazard susceptibility applications. Data sets include: 1) GIS shapefiles with river catchment properties; 2) GIS shapefiles with stream network properties; 3) spreadsheets containing morphometric and topographic characteristics (n = 91); 4) example MATLAB code and topographic data to replicate the analysis for a selected catchment. The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD) – Newton Fund grant NE/S003312/1. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/49ae11ec-e4e5-4e4a-b091-976d18c4ee3e