Solubility of Indium-Tin Oxide in simulated lung and gastric fluids: Pathways for human assimilation NERC grant NE/L001896/1
From being a metal with very limited natural distribution,indium (In) has recently become disseminated throughout the human society. Little is know of how In compounds behave in the natural environment, but recent medical studies link exposure to In compounds to elevated risk of respiratory disorders. Animal tests suggest that exposure may lead to more widespread damage in the body, notably testicular cancer. In this paper, we investigate the solubility of the most widely used In compound, indium-tin oxide (ITO) in simulated lung and gastric fluids in order to better understand the potential pathways for metals to be introduced into the bloodstream. Our results show significant potential for release of In and tin (Sn) in the deep parts of the lungs (artificial lysosomal fluid) and digestive fluids, while the solubility in the upper parts of the lungs (the respiratory tract or tracheobronchial tree, simulated by Gamble's solution) is very low. Our study confirms that ITO is likely to remain as solid particles in the upper parts of the lungs, but that particles are likely to at dissolve in the deep lungs. Considering the prolonged residence time of inhaled particles in the deep lung and the high solubility of ITO in artificial lysosomal fluids, the environment of the deep lungs is likely to provide the major route for assimilation of In and Sn from inhaled ITO nano- and microparticles. Digestion is likely to also lead to assimilation through dissolution in the stomach and interaction with digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice. However, this route is less likely to lead to substantial assimilation because of the much shorter residence times of particles in the digestive system.
|
|
Citation proposal
. Solubility of Indium-Tin Oxide in simulated lung and gastric fluids: Pathways for human assimilation NERC grant NE/L001896/1. https://data-search.nerc.ac.uk:443/geonetwork/srv/api/records/404fe662-d2c4-71e4-e054-002128a47908 |
INSPIRE
Identification
- File identifier
- 404fe662-d2c4-71e4-e054-002128a47908 XML
- Hierarchy level
- nonGeographicDataset Non geographic dataset
Online resource
- Protocol
- HTTP
Resource identifier
- Metadata language
- English English
Encoding
Projection
Classification of data and services
- Topic category
-
- Geoscientific information
Classification of data and services
Coupled resource
Coupled resource
Classification of data and services
Coupled resource
Coupled resource
Keywords
- GEMET - INSPIRE themes
-
- Geology
- BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences
-
- Tin , Indium
Other keywords
- Keywords
-
- NERC_DDC
Geographic coverage
Temporal reference
Temporal extent
Temporal extent
- Date ( Creation )
- 2013
Quality and validity
- Lineage
- Experimental data produced by laboratory tests at the University of Exeter. Methods are described in the manuscript.
Conformity
Conformity
Conformity
Conformity
Conformity
Conformity
- Explanation
- See the referenced specification
Restrictions on access and use
- Access constraints
- The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological Survey's work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC]. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright holder, via the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager. Use by customers of information provided by the BGS, is at the customer's own risk. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality or accuracy of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurence however caused.
- Access constraints
- Either: (i) the dataset is made freely available, e.g. via the Internet, for a restricted category of use (e.g. educational use only); or (ii) the dataset has not been formally approved by BGS for access and use by external clients under licence, but its use may be permitted under alternative formal arrangements; or (iii) the dataset contains 3rd party data or information obtained by BGS under terms and conditions that must be consulted in order to determine the permitted usage of the dataset. Refer to the BGS staff member responsible for the creation of the dataset if further advice is required. He / she should be familiar with the composition of the dataset, particularly with regard to 3rd party IPR contained in it, and any resultant use restrictions. This staff member should revert to the IPR Section (ipr@bgs.ac.uk ) for advice, should the position not be clear.
- Access constraints
- Either: (i) the dataset is made freely available, e.g. via the Internet, for a restricted category of use (e.g. educational use only); or (ii) the dataset has not been formally approved by BGS for access and use by external clients under licence, but its use may be permitted under alternative formal arrangements; or (iii) the dataset contains 3rd party data or information obtained by BGS under terms and conditions that must be consulted in order to determine the permitted usage of the dataset. Refer to the BGS staff member responsible for the creation of the dataset if further advice is required. He / she should be familiar with the composition of the dataset, particularly with regard to 3rd party IPR contained in it, and any resultant use restrictions. This staff member should revert to the IPR Section (ipr@bgs.ac.uk ) for advice, should the position not be clear.
Restrictions on access and use
Responsible organization (s)
Contact for the resource
- Organisation name
- University of Exeter
- not available
Responsible organization (s)
Contact for the resource
- Organisation name
- University of Exeter
- not available
Metadata information
Contact for the metadata
- Organisation name
- British Geological Survey
- enquiries@bgs.ac.uk
- Date stamp
- 2020-08-13
- Metadata language
- English English
SDS
Conformance class 1: invocable
Access Point URL
Endpoint URL
Technical specification
Conformance class 2: interoperable
Coordinate reference system
Quality of Service
Access constraints
Limitation
Use constraints
Limitation
Responsible custodian
Contact for the resource
Conformance class 3: harmonized
Overviews
Provided by
Views
404fe662-d2c4-71e4-e054-002128a47908
Access to the portal
Read here the full details and access to the data.
Associated resources
Not available