170fc6fa-9878-43fc-9abd-e6196bad60a2 eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2021-02-26 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Time series of water pressure, water temperature and ground temperature from lakes Orajarvi (Finland), and Tomasee and Silsersee (Switzerland) from winters 2018-2021 2021-02-26 creation 2021-02-26 revision 2021-02-26 publication 2021-02-26 released 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5285/170fc6fa-9878-43fc-9abd-e6196bad60a2 doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01471 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ Please cite this item as: Pritchard, H., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). Time series of water pressure, water temperature and ground temperature from lakes Orajarvi (Finland), and Tomasee and Silsersee (Switzerland) from winters 2018-2021 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/170fc6fa-9878-43fc-9abd-e6196bad60a2 These datasets show how lake water-pressure fluctuated through time over several months in seasonally-frozen catchments in winter. These catchments were in three settings: the lowland Finnish Arctic, an alpine valley and a high cirque in Switzerland. The water-pressure data are accompanied by water temperature and (except for Orajarvi), ground temperature for the same periods. Together, they were used to detect and quantify the water content of snow falling on the lake surfaces. The locations, method of data collection and analysis and the results are described in detail in Pritchard, H. D., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey, and a fellowship from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. No credit. completed Pritchard, Hamish British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Farinotti, Daniel Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Researcher author Colwell, Steve British Antarctic Survey Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Snow EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Lake Ice EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Water Equivalent EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow/Ice Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Snow/Ice > Lake Ice EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Water Equivalent EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow/Ice Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Lakes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher instrumentation mountain meteorology sensor snow water equivalent snowfall water budget theme Lake Silsersee Switzerland Lake Tomasee Switzerland Orajarvi Finland place Atmospheric conditions Meteorological geographical features Hydrography theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions Data supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions No restrictions apply. url url crossReference doi doi crossReference textTable eng utf8 geoscientificInformation inlandWaters 9.74635 9.74635 46.42856 46.42856 2018-03-20 2018-05-03 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor text/plain text/csv bytes 7969178 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=170fc6fa-9878-43fc-9abd-e6196bad60a2 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 7969178 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=170fc6fa-9878-43fc-9abd-e6196bad60a2 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: We deployed commercially-available, high-precision water-pressure sensors (nominal precision 0.1% full-scale) on the bed of each lake, either in advance of the winter freeze-up or via a hole drilled through the winter ice cover. To maximise gauge sensitivity, we specified a relatively small pressure range of 1-10 bar and positioned our gauges in water depths of 1-5 m. All three lakes froze over completely during the studied periods. The gauges recorded water pressure and water temperature, and were naturally ventilated with breather tubes (open to the air at the logger box) to compensate for atmospheric pressure changes. We also used a thermistor on the ground at each logger-box site to measure snow-base temperatures, allowing us to detect the onset of snowmelt runoff in spring. At Silsersee we deployed one gauge in 2018/19 and a second gauge running concurrently with G1 from late February to early August 2020. In winter, the time series of water pressure from all three lakes showed two dominant signals: (i) a declining pressure trend of several centimetres to decimetres water-equivalent over weeks to months, punctuated by (ii) abrupt jumps in pressure of millimetres to centimetres water-equivalent on hourly to daily timescales. The declining trends demonstrate that there was net drainage of water out of the lakes through winter, while the abrupt, shorter-duration pressure jumps indicate net mass gains. The timing and magnitude of these pressure jumps corresponded closely to snow precipitation as independently observed by nearby weather stations. Data collection: The water-pressure and water-temperature data are from a Keller PR-36XiW, 1-bar sensor. Ground temperature is from a T107C thermistor. Data were logged on Campbell CR300 loggers. Data quality: At the start and end of each time series during instrument deployment and retrieval, some pressures and temperatures appear anomalous as they represent atmospheric conditions rather than lake conditions. Water-pressure data have been converted from bar to metres of water equivalent using a constant factor of 10.1974. asNeeded completed